Introduction: Nager syndrome is a malformation resulting from problems in the development of the first and second branchial arches and limb buds. The cause of the abnormal development of the pharyngeal arches in Nager syndrome is unknown. It is also unclear why affected individuals have bone abnormalities in their arms and legs. Nager syndrome is thought to have an autosomal recessive inherita...

abstract horseshoe lung is a congenital pulmonary malformation that is usually associated with scimitar syndrome. this malformation consists of fusion of both pulmonary lobes from the posterobasal segments. the fusion appears in the retrocardiac area, in front of the esophagus and thoracic aorta. pleural separation of pulmonary lobes distinguishes pseudohorseshoe appearance from a true horsesho...

sjogren-larsson syndrome (sls) is an inherited autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder with congenital ichthyosis, spastic diplegia or quadriplegia and mental retardation. we report a case of sjogren-larsson syndrome with clinical profile (mental retardation, ichthyosis, spastic diplegia) and mri findings such as seen in multiple sclerosis (ms). so this rare syndrome can be another differen...

apert syndrome is a genetic defect which was first described by eugene apert in 1906. it's incidence is approximately one in 50000 births. this syndrome is many abnormalities in your body and central nervous system. rehabilitation can increase children and their parent's quality of life.we report a case of apert syndrome and his occupational therapy program.

statement of the problem burning mouth syndrome (bms) is a condition presented with burning sensation without any pathologic changes of oral mucosa. since there are no accurate diagnostic criteria and because symptoms are so variable the studies have shown different prevalence. limited studies have been performed to estimate prevalence, of bms in iran and worldwide. purpose this research was co...

proprioception has been found to have a relation to subjective knee function and patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps) seem to have larger deficits than asymptomatic individuals little is known about whether taping can restore defects in proprioception or by which mechanisms it can improve anterior knee pain. to determine the effect of patellar taping on knee joint proprioception a ...

background:the current study aimed at evaluating the association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) level in upper normal limits with metabolic syndrome, modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and its components according to adult treatment panel iii of national cholesterol education program. methods: the current cross sectional study recruited 82 patients with euthyroid over...

objective: withdrawal symptoms are a main reason of continuous use of opioid. this study compares the efficacy of augmentation of amantadine with clonidine in decreasing opioid withdrawal symptoms. methods: this double-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out in the detoxification and rehabilitation inpatient ward at razi hospital, tabriz, iran during 2012. the patients were randomly ass...