more than 32 alien (exotic) fish species belonging to 10 orders and 12 families (cyprinidae, gobiidae, salmonidae, anguilidae, mugilidae, centrarchidae, heteropneustidae, gasterosteidae, cichlidae, poecilidae, adrianichthyidae and pleuronectidae) were reported from iran of which 25 species are confirmed by specimens. some of the alien fishes (e.g., cyprinus carpio , carassius auratus , pesudora...

Condition-specific competition is widespread in nature. Species inhabiting heterogeneous environments tend to differ in competitive abilities depending on environmental stressors. Interactions between these factors can allow coexistence of competing species, which may be particularly important between invasive and native species. Here, we examine the effects of temperature on competitive intera...

Short term nitrogen uptake dynamics in the marshes of the southern Everglades, USA, were determined through implementation of a field mesocosm and isotopic enrichment method. The approach was tested using six mesocosms, three enriched with a 300% N tracer, Ca(NO3)2 (6 98% N) and three unenriched mesocosms. This N tracer technique allowed the determination of nitrogen fluxes between key ecosyste...

Mitigation to offset the impacts of land development is becoming increasingly common, with reintroductions and created habitat programs used as key actions. However, numerous reviews cite high rates of poor success from these programs, and a need for improved monitoring and scientific testing to evaluate outcomes and improve management actions. We conducted extensive monitoring of a released po...

Some prey are exceptionally difficult to digest, and yet even non-specialized animals may consume them—why? Durophagy, the consumption of hard-shelled prey, is thought require special adaptations for crushing or digesting hard shells avoid many potential costs this type. But lacking specializations nevertheless include hard-bodied in their diets. We describe several non-mutually exclusive adapt...

The cost of reproduction hypothesis suggests that current reproduction has inherent tradeoffs with future reproduction. These tradeoffs can be both in the form of energy allocated to current offspring as opposed to somatic maintenance and future reproduction (allocation costs), or as an increase in mortality as a result of morphological or physiological changes related to reproduction (viabilit...

The introductory part has summarized the role of malaria in the course of history and various attempts of its eradication in Croatia before the World War I. Furthemore, there is a list of activities and results accomplished between 1922 and 1927 on the island of Krk by Dr. Otmar Trausmiller. After a systematic sanitation of all anopheles habitats, primarily natural and artificial bodies of stil...