Accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs) is limited to specific cell types and developmental stages, but little is known about how antagonistically acting transcriptional regulators work together to determine temporal and spatial patterning of pigmentation at the cellular level, especially for PAs. Here, we characterize MYB2, a transcriptional repressor regulating both anthocyan...

Immanuel Kant noted this approach would not be suitable for understanding complex systems such as an organism. He said there would never be a " Newton of the blade of grass " : because the blade of grass is more than the sum of its parts, complete knowledge of the parts list will not necessarily be predictive of the behavior of the whole. Fortunately, we don't have to resort to a vitalistic exp...

Rosa Valéria da Silva Amorim1,2*, Rodrigo Pinto Pedrosa2, Kazutaka Fukushima3, Cosme Rafael Martínez1,2, William MacDonald Ledingham2 and Galba Maria de Campos-Takaki4 Departamento de Biologia Molecular/Centro de Ciências Exata e da Natureza – CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba – UFPB, Campus I – Cidade Universitária, 58.051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo As...

The objective of this research was to understand the expression characteristics and biological functions Medicago truncatula genes under long-day conditions. leaves “R108” tribulus at branch stage (A), bud (B), initial flowering (C), full (D) were sequenced using RNA-Seq technology. genome truncatula, a related species used as reference for sequence comparison. transcriptomes three adjacent per...

?-glucosidases (BGLUs) hydrolyze the ?-D-glycosidic bond with retention of anomeric configuration. BGLUs were associated many aspects plant physiological processes, in particular biotic and abiotic stresses through activation phytohormones defense compounds. However, studies on systematic analysis stress- or hormone-responsive BGLU genes are still rare. In this study, total 51 glycoside hydrola...

The results of the studies on our model combination Trichobilharzia ocellata-Lymnaea stagnalis, presented in this review, lead to the conclusion that schistosomes use multiple strategies to reach their goals, i.e. to propagate and to continue their life cycle. They have to escape from being attacked by the internal defence system (IDS) of the snail host and to profoundly affect the host's energ...

A cDNA clone encoding a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns 3-kinase) has been characterized from Medicago truncatula, Mtpi3k, that is highly homologous to their counterparts from soybean (over 84%). The results suggest the presence of at least two genes coding PtdIns 3-kinases in M. truncatula. Mtpi3k transcript levels increased in nodules, compared with non-infected roots. Strikingly, Mtpi3...

We have identified an active Medicago truncatula copia-like retroelement called Medicago RetroElement1-1 (MERE1-1) as an insertion in the symbiotic NSP2 gene. MERE1-1 belongs to a low-copy-number family in the sequenced Medicago genome. These copies are highly related, but only three of them have a complete coding region and polymorphism exists between the long terminal repeats of these differe...

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Novel markers were developed for pea (Pisum sativum) from pea expressed sequence tags (ESTs) having significant homology to Medicago truncatula gene sequences to investigate genetic diversity, linkage mapping, and cross-species transferability. • METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-seven EST-derived genic markers were developed through comparative mapping between M....