Residual DBS specimens from newborns diagnosed with Phenylketonuria, Congenital Hypothyroidism, Cystic Fibrosis, Adrenal Hyperplasia and Galactosemia collected within 1995-2018, stored in cardboard boxes at ambient temperature uncontrolled conditions, were retested for phenylalanine (Phe), thyrotropin (TSH), immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT), total galactose (TGal) 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP)...

Streptococcus thermophilus is unable to metabolize the galactose moiety of lactose. In this paper, we show that a transformant of S. thermophilus SMQ-301 expressing Streptococcus salivarius galK and galM was able to grow on galactose and expelled at least twofold less galactose into the medium during growth on lactose.

Galactose oxidase (GOase) was shown to oxidise several C2/C3 fluorinated galactose analogues. Interestingly, the enzyme was able to distinguish between the 2,3-tetrafluorinated galactose and its epimeric glucose analogue, and this represents the first reported biotransformation of a heavily fluorinated sugar.

We attempted to clarify the pattern of cataract development in 12-month-old rats fed a 25% galactose diet and to assess the relation of cataract development with osmotic stress and oxidative damage. In lenses of 12-month-old male Wistar rats fed a 25% galactose diet over an 8-month period, suture accentuation appeared at 6 months of galactose feeding and then opacities developed from the anteri...

The structures of mistletoe lectin I (ML-I) from Viscum album complexed with lactose and galactose have been determined at 2.3 A resolution and refined to R factors of 20.9% (Rfree = 23.6%) and 20.9 (Rfree = 24.6%), respectively. ML-I is a heterodimer and belongs to the class of ribosome-inactivating proteins of type II, which consist of two chains. The A-chain has rRNA N-glycosidase activity a...

Each year, about six million tons of lactose are generated from liquid whey as industrial byproduct, and optimally this large carbohydrate waste should be used for the production of value-added products. Trametes multicolor pyranose 2-oxidase (TmP2O) catalyzes the oxidation of various monosaccharides to the corresponding 2-keto sugars. Thus, a potential use of TmP2O is to convert the products f...

The reversible transformation of galactose into glucose in biological systems is important both for the utilization of dietary galactose as fuel (via hexose 6-phosphate) and for the biosynthesis of complex galactose-containing compounds from glucose or acetate. The first step in the metabolism of galactose in both yeast and animal tissues is phosphorylation in the 1 position of the hexose to fo...

The Bacova_02091 gene in the β-mannan utilization locus of Bacteroides ovatus encodes a family GH36 α-galactosidase (BoGal36A), transcriptionally upregulated during growth on galactomannan. Characterization of recombinant BoGal36A reveals unique properties compared to other GH36 α-galactosidases, which preferentially hydrolyse terminal α-galactose in raffinose family oligosaccharides. BoGal36A ...

Galactosemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to a deficiency of galactose-1-P:uridyl transferase (GALT) (classical galactosemia), galactokinase (GALK), or UDP-galactose-4 epimerase (GALE). Of the three, GALT deficiency is the most severe and results in the accumulation of galactose-1-P in tissues, which damages the liver, eye, brain, ovary, and kidney. In GALK deficiency, ingested ga...

The gal3 mutation of Saccharomyces, which is associated with an impairment in the utilization of galactose, has been shown to be pleiotropic, causing similar impairments in the utilization of melibiose and maltose. Milibiose utilization and alpha-galactosidase production are directly controlled by the galactose regulatory elements i, c, and GAL4. The fermentation of maltose and the induction of...