The nature of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and worry across the lifespan remains incompletely understood. We investigated genetic and environmental influences on GAD and the proportion of genetic and environmental variation in GAD that is shared with neuroticism in older adult twins. Participants included 1618 monozygotic and 2291 same-sexed dizygotic twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Regi...

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the synthesizing enzyme for the neurotransmitter GABA, has been localized in goldfish retina using a new antiserum. We observed at least six types of GAD-immunoreactive amacrine cells, one of which was large and pyriform (Ab type). In addition, immunoreactive synaptic terminals were located throughout the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Amacrine cells that were G...

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme that synthesizes the neurotransmitter gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA), has been localized in the rat visual cortex by immunocytochemical methods with both light and electron microscopy. In both colchicine-injected and non-injected preparations of the visual cortex, GAD-positive reaction product was observed in somata, proximal dendrites and axon ter...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated a high prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in women with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, the shared genetic and environmental components of these disorders have not been explored. This study seeks to elucidate the shared genetic and environmental components between GAD and AN. METHOD Using 2,083 women from the Virginia Adult Twin Study o...

Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) possess antibodies to islet proteins of M(r)-64,000. Potential autoantigens of this M(r) include glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and 65 kD heat shock protein. We have detected two distinct antibody specificities in IDDM that bind 50,000 M(r) or 37,000/40,000 M(r) proteolytic fragments of 64,000 M(r) proteins. In this study, we investigated relations...

treatments of GAD. In addition to these important developments in theory and intervention, we believe that an explicit integration of mindfulness and acceptance perspectives into existing models, empirical study, and treatments of GAD may improve the efficacy and breadth of impact of extant interventions. Our goal in this article is to present a conceptual integration of current theory and rese...

Antibodies against neuropeptides and against a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP) label small cells with nonpyramidal-like morphology in the cat visual cortex (areas 17, 18, and 19). Since GABAergic cells are interneurons, a double-staining procedure was used to test for the coexistence of cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin (SRIF), neuropeptide Y (NPY), corticotropin-releasing ...

PURPOSE Temporal lobe epilepsy with antibodies (abs) against the glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 isoform (GAD-TLE) is known as an immune-mediated neurological syndrome. Here we evaluate the therapy response to various immunotherapies and epilepsy surgery in this syndrome. METHOD All patients with GAD-TLE and follow-up data and stored serum and CSF samples, identified and treated at the Bonn ce...

highly significant decrease in the number of GABAergic axon terminals at sites of seizure foci. The decreased number of GAD-positive terminals in our immunocytochemical preparations of epileptic monkey cortex could be explained by an alumina gelproduced loss of antigenicity of GAD molecules. However, this is unlikely since most of the alumina is located in macrophages with slight amounts in ast...