Typhoid (enteric) fever caused by Salmonella typhi is an important cause of morbidity and mortality (Buckle et al., 2010; Mogasale et al., 2014). The situation is further complicated by increased incidence in some countries of S. Paratyphi A as a cause of enteric fever (Crump et al., 2004). While both diseases share clinical features, paratyphoid fever tends to have a more benign course of illn...

Thin-plate weirs are commonly used as measuring devices in flumes and channels, enabling an accurate discharge measurement with simple instruments. The calibration formulae of such devices rely upon some empirical coefficients and there is a need to obtain new accurate physical data to complement the existing evidence. In the present study, the discharge calibration of a large 901 V-notch thin ...

The framework proposed by Crump et al. still leaves much doubt about whether invertebrates such as crabs are sentient. For example, many complex behaviours - even in humans occur without sentience. Also, simple machines could easily meet all of al.’s eight criteria for Acknowledging the limitations what we currently know sentience is important both formulating legislation correctly and advancin...

The piano key (PK) weir has advanced over the labyrinth to increase discharge capacity. Piano weirs exhibit nonlinear flow behavior and are easy place on existing spillway or newly constructed dam with less base area. Various investigators given equations calculate coefficient for free submerged conditions. study focuses reviewing impacts of PK geometry coefficient, including length height, ups...