The "law and finance theory" predicts that the common law system provides the best basis for financial development and economic growth, followed by Scandinavian and German origin civil law and finally French origin civil law. This paper summarises the key points of the theory as well as a number of sceptical views. Moreover, it argues that the theory faces an identification problem, since the m...

Indonesia's Economic Strength in the Middle of Global Strength. Indonesia is ranked 16th with a GDP US$ 1.2 trillion or 1.2% world (global) GDP. Based on summary data from International Monetary Fund (IMF), referring to prediction amount Gross Domestic Product (GDP) each country, included 4 (four) Asian countries as top five ranks which will begin dominate global economic power. In infographic ...

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant deterioration in public finances, adding to pre-existing strains from long-term structural challenges including population ageing, climate change, rising inequality, digitalisation and automation. This report, originally prepared for G20 Finance Ministers Central Bank Governors at the request of Italian Presidency, considers opportunities developin...

Abstract This paper discusses how financial stability governance has evolved and central banks regulators are coping with the threats posed by climate uncertainty, providing an overview of G20 countries’ green banking experiences in past 20 years. The analysis shows that most realise their ambitions through mandates, leaving monetary mandate unaffected. Considering debate on market neutrality, ...

Despite the efforts of various federal and regional governments over years, poverty still exists in several places across world, especially developing countries. Microfinance services have been promoted as viable tools to decrease poverty. Sarawak, Malaysia is an example a region where microfinance are being used reduce incidences This paper proposes conceptual model understand effect different...

The mineralization of organic matter in anoxic environments relies on the cooperative activities of hydrogen producers and consumers obligately linked by interspecies metabolite exchange in syntrophic consortia that may include sulfate reducing species such as Desulfovibrio. To evaluate the metabolic flexibility of syntrophic Desulfovibrio to adapt to naturally fluctuating methanogenic environm...

Indonesia holds a key role as host of the G20 Presidency in 2022. Many international media highlighted this summit and issues that has been discussed inside.As world economic forum, also reviewed about security issue, one it is nuclear weapon threat. This study identifies, analyze, compares content produced by (Kompas.com), United Kingdom (BBC.co.uk), Saudi Arabia's online news (aawsat.com), su...

Group of Twenty (G20) merupakan forum ekonomi internasional berfokus pada penyelesaian tantangan terhadap pertumbuhan perekonomian global, antara lain isu perdagangan, investasi, keuangan, infrastruktur, ketenagakerjaan, pemberantasan korupsi, pembangunan, pertanian, teknologi, energi, inovasi, serta digital. Pada periode kepemimpinan saat ini, Indonesia terpilih sebagai Presidensi G20 tahun 20...