In a speaker veri ̄cation system, a claimed speaker's score is computed to accept or reject the speaker claim. Most of the current methods compute the score as the ratio of the claimed speaker's and the impostors' likelihood functions. Based on analysing false acceptance error obtained by using these methods, we propose a noise clustering approach to ̄nd better scores which can reduce that error....

Background: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) from the Bromoviridae family, is one of the most widespread plant viruses in the world. Objectives: In the present study tomato fields in Guilan, Isfahan, Khorasan Razavi, Khuzestan and Tehran provinces were surveyed to determine the presence of CMV subgroups during 2011-2012. Materials and Methods: Out of 305 symptomatic leaf samples ...

The important growth of available multimedia information shows the limits of traditional information retrieval systems. In this paper, we describe the design of a metadata engine dedicated to retrieve annotated images using meta-information, and part of the more general MediaSys Image Search Engine. As a case study, we use medicinal plant images and their detailed description. We propose a flex...

Fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory enable us to use experts’ uncertain (“fuzzy”) knowledge in decision making. The corresponding methods usually generalize known methods of decision making which are based on the crisp (non-fuzzy) knowledge about the environment. These crisp methods enable us to come up with a crisp decision: e.g., whether we should build a plant or not. When we generalize these m...

PRUF--an acronym for Possibilistie Relational Universal Fuzzy--is a meaning representation language for natural languages which departs from the conventional approaches to the theory of meaning in several important respects. First, a basic assumption underlying PRUF is that the imprecision that is intrinsic in natural languages is, for the most part, possibilistic rather than probabilistic in n...