Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust and a highly sought after fuel source due to its extreme energy density. It has the ability to produce large quantities of hydrogen and heat when reacted with water making it an attractive fuel for underwater vehicles and ocean sensor platforms. The biggest challenge in using aluminum as a fuel has been overcoming the rapidly-forming oxid...

Hybrid Electrical Vehicle (HEV) fuel economy highly depends on power allocation between the different power sources — engine and fuel cell — and the energy storage system(s). A generic global optimization algorithm has been developed to minimize fuel consumption by optimizing the powertrain power flows. This algorithm was applied on a Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle, and results were generated for sev...

This paper presents an autonomous hybrid generation system consisting of wind turbine generators (WTG), a diesel engine generator (DEG), fuel cell (FC), a battery energy storage system (BESS) and an aqua electrolyzer (AE). The generated hydrogen by an aqua electrolyzer is used as fuel for a fuel cell. The power system frequency deviates for the sudden changes in load and generation. The output ...

Poor water management usually leads to various degrees of flooding in the hydrogen type fuel cell, affecting both the instantaneous performance and the long-term durability of the system adversely. While a lot of fuel cell diagnostic tools exist that could be utilized for the flooding diagnostics, most of these approaches are intrusive, requiring special modification to the fuel cell that affec...

During a fuel injection cycle pressure inside Combination Electronic Unit Pump (CEUP) fuel injection system varies from low (~50 bars) to very high (~1500 bars) in fractions of seconds depending on the operating conditions. Physical properties of fuel including density, acoustic wave speed and bulk modulus also vary as a function of rapidly varying fuel pressure. A detailed analysis of these ke...

In this paper, a model-based strategy for the air-path, fuel injection timing, and fuel pressure control of a heavy-duty Diesel engine is presented. The engine system is a six-cylinder Diesel engine, equipped with a dual-stage fixed geometry turbo system and a variable valve actuation (VVA) system. The VVA operates on the intake valves, and realizes a late Miller combustion cycle. The control s...

World first hybrid passenger ferries achieve 50% fuel and CO2 savings 12 month scheduled maintenance agreement>1,280 tonnes per year of CO2 emmissions saved; zero emissions at wharf when in electric mode>8-17% fuel savings Fuel savings approx HK$2.5million per year Replace ageing fleet; 12 month schedule maintenance contract; redundant propulsion system Redundant propulsion system to assist boa...

Because of high pressure fluctuations in Combination Electronic Unit Pump (CEUP) system during fuel injection cycles, physical properties of diesel fuel including density, acoustic wave speed and bulk modulus also vary. These physical properties of fuel have significant importance in predicting the fuel injection behavior and its optimization. A 1D viscous damped mathematical model of wave equa...