This article estimated the impacts of land fragmentation on production costs and input demands using panel data of Japanese rice farms┻ Empirical results reveal that fragmentation increases production costs and offsets economies of size┼ and that these impacts are strong especially for large size farms┻ This result implies that as the farm gets larger┼ emphasis should be switched from increasin...

The life cycle impacts were assessed for an integrated microalgal biodiesel production system that facilitates energy- and nutrient- recovery through anaerobic digestion, and utilizes glycerol generated within the facility for additional heterotrophic biodiesel production. Results show that when external fossil energy inputs are lowered through process integration, the energy demand, global war...

Base excision repair of genotoxic nucleobase lesions in the genome is critically dependent upon the ability of DNA glycosylases to locate rare sites of damage embedded in a vast excess of undamaged DNA, using only thermal energy to fuel the search process. Considerable interest surrounds the question of how DNA glycosylases translocate efficiently along DNA while maintaining their vigilance for...

despite the body of research on textbook evaluation from the discourse analysis perspective, cohesive devices have rarely been analyzed in english for specific purposes (esp) textbooks. the acquisition and use of cohesive devices is inherent to naturalistic communication, including business interactions. hence, l2 learners of business english should be exposed to these devices through cohesion-...

The effect of monochloro and dichloro substitution into the ethyl portion on the pyrolysis of ethyl vinyl ether has been studied. This involved four possible monosubstituted derivatives and six disubstituted derivatives. For the monochloro derivatives, B- chloro substitution enhanced the rate constant while a- chloro substitution depressed it noticeably. For the dichloro derivatives, substi...

The conventional energy source in cement industries is fossil fuels, mainly coal, which has a high environmental footprint. On average, expenditures account for 40% of the overall production costs per ton cement. Reducing both impact and economic expenditure involves incorporating alternative sources (fuels) such as biomass, solid-derived fuel (SDF), refuse-derived (RDF) etc. However, within pl...

The article presents the results of a study on development petrochemical industry, which is part structure fuel and energy complex Kazakhstan. industry country carried out through creation cluster construction plants for production products (polyethylene, butadiene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate), are geographically located in western region country, where main hydrocarbon reserves ...