Introduction. In the study of problem impact negative factors from explosions at gas stations on people and infrastructure settlements, a probabilistic approach is often used. The limitation this that when it implemented, concept clutter surrounding space does not reflect relationship between area occupied by buildings total affected shock wave. Therefore, article devoted to development justifi...

According to the Canadian Urban Transit Association (CUTA), 140 Billion CAD is required to maintain, rehabilitate, and replace subway infrastructure between 2010 and 2014. The current practice adopted by transit authorities for prioritizing subway stations for rehabilitation is based on the station structural needs. While this classification is reflective of station condition, other factors, su...

The appropriate planning of infrastructure protects people’s lives and property. Fire stations are an essential part a city’s they must be precisely located to shorten emergency response times reduce casualties. Recently, the focus city service has shifted from fire suppression technical rescues. We compared spatial distribution rescues at scale show variation in their influences. An integrated...

We propose two virtual sensors which estimate the location of the pressure peak and the air-fuel ratio from measurements of the ionization current across the spark plug gap. The location of pressure peak virtual sensor produces estimates on a cycle-by-cycle basis for each of the cylinders. These estimates are twice as good as estimates obtained from a linear model. The air-fuel ratio virtual se...

Cell systems divide their service territories into many little “six equal part crystal” cell-shaped parts. This offers a great opportunity to increase a number of consumers because of used frequency repeatedly. Cell system divides its whole serving region into six equal cell parts and establishes one base station in each cell. The antenna of the base station is located on top of high buildings ...

Recently, the University of Missouri (UM) moved its SuomiNet station from the roof of a building near downtown Columbia, Missouri, USA, to the University’s rural South Farm. Comparisons of Columbia Regional Airport (KCOU) data and SuomiNet data are presented both prior to and after the latter’s relocation. Analysis reveals an elevation of mean temperature by ∼1.5 ◦C at the downtown location, bu...