reduction of exhaust emissions is a major research task in diesel engine development in view of increasing concerns regarding environmental protection and stringent exhaust gas regulations. simultaneousreduction of nox emissions and particulate matter is quite difficult due to the soot/nox trade-off and isoften accompanied by fuel consumption penalties. towards this aim, automotive engineers ha...

In this paper, a high-efficiency fuel cell implemented by an LLC resonant dc–dc converter is proposed to save the cost and energy of fuel cell. The proposed converter has zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation of the primary switches and zero-current switching (ZCS) operation of the rectifier diodes. By frequency modulation control, the output impedance of an LLC resonant converter can be regul...

We report the successful application of low-melting inorganic salts with protonated cations (e.g. ammonium) as electrolytes in fuel cells operating in the temperature range 100–200 uC, where even with unoptimized electrodes, cell performance is comparable to that of the phosphoric acid fuel cell operating with optimized electrodes in the same temperature range, while open circuit voltages, and ...

This paper considers modeling and simulation study of a fuel cell system. A mathematical model of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell system is presented in this paper. For the convenience of presentation, cathode flow, anode flow, the membrane hydration, and voltage output expressions of the PEM fuel cell system are given in the paper to bridge a generic model to the model of Fuel C...

The molten carbonate fuel cell operates at approximately 650 °C (1200 °F). The high operating temperature is needed to achieve sufficient conductivity of the carbonate electrolyte, yet allow the use of low-cost metal cell components. A benefit associated with this high temperature is that noble metal catalysts are not required for the cell electrochemical oxidation and reduction processes. Molt...

Based on the problems caused by today conventional vehicles, much attention has been put on the fuel cell vehicles researches. However, using a fuel cell system is not adequate alone in transportation applications, because the load power profile includes transient that is not compatible with the fuel cell dynamic. To resolve this problem, hybridization of the fuel cell and energy storage device...

hydrogen can be produced for fuel cell applications by using methanol steam reforming reaction. in this article, a method was developed for regeneration of accelerated deactivated methanol-steam-reforming catalyst. successive deactivation–regeneration cycles were studied in a 250 hours test for the first time including 6 regeneration cycles. it is shown that regeneration of the catalyst in dilu...

nano-structured lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite, la0.6sr0.4co0.2fe0.8o3 (lscf), was successfully synthesized via co-precipitation method using metal nitrates as starting materials. effects of precipitating agent and calcination temperature on the phase composition and morphology of synthesized powders were systematically studied using x-ray diffraction (xrd) and field emission scanning elect...

the renewable energy sources and plug-in electric vehicles (pevs) are becoming very popular because of the combination of high fuel costs and concerns about emission issues. this paper presents modelling and control of a building integrated fuel cell and plug-in electric vehicles (bifc-pev) in smart distribution systems. in bifc-pev system, conventional building elements could be replaced by sp...

in present research work, homogeneous anion exchange membranes based on polysulfone (qapsfs) were prepared via chloromethylation, amination and alkalization. in amination step, trimethylamine and n,n,n',n'-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine were used as amination and crosslinking agents, respectively. the chloromethylated polysulfone was characterized by 1hnmr spectroscopy and chloromethylation degr...