Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful tool for reverse genetics in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, the irregular distribution of the effects of VIGS hampers the identification and quantification of nonvisual phenotypes. To overcome this limitation, a visually traceable VIGS system was developed for fruit, comprising two elements: (1) a transgenic tomato line (Del/Ros1) expre...

—We analyzed 621 lizard fecal pellets to assess the diet of the endemic lizard Gallotia galloti (Lacertidae) throughout one year in the thermophilous scrubland, the most threatened habitat in the Canary Islands. Indicating the importance of frugivory, 98.1% of pellets contained seeds from fleshy-fruited plant species (8,028 seeds in total), and the fruit volume reached 47.5%. The Canarian endem...

Key innovations may increase the number of taxa in a clade that possesses the proposed innovation in comparison to its sister group that lacks the trait through either increased speciation or reduced extinction rates. Comparing sister clades across several independent lineages provides statistical support that the trait has increased species diversity. Previous studies have indicated that there...

At Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station of VIR, as a result collecting, studying, and selective use myrobalan plum genetic diversity, the intraspecific taxonomy species Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. was clarified. Donors traits significant for breeding were identified and, with their use, adaptable cultivars plum, Russian clonal rootstocks stone fruit plants developed. Intraspecific classification P. i...

LTHOUGH self-compatible (SC) species frequently can hybridize as females A with related self-incompatible (SI) species, the reciprocal cross is often impeded by inhibition of pollen tube growth in the style. This unilateral incompatibility can also be demonstrated between species of widely separated genera, or even of different families, which suggests that it is of fundamental significance in ...

Grapevine trunk diseases affect 13 % of French vineyards and esca has become more prevalent in recent decades (Grosman & Doublet 2012). Fussler et al. (2008) reported that an average 3.25 vines are affected by esca. Management these vines, considered unproductive, often consists cutting off the symptomatic arm or uprooting vine. In this competitive environment, it is difficult for a newly p...

Yields on 'Concord' grape (Vitis labrusca L.) increased as pruning severity was decreased until the 6th and last year of this study, at which time the yields tended to equalize between the 30 + 10, 50 + 10, and 70 + 10 pruning treatments. By the last year, vines pruned to the 70 + 10 level produced fruit of unacceptable quality. When the 3-node spurs were shoot-positioned, their productivity wa...

Aim: A study on Sauvignon blanc (SB) cultivar in France showed that curettage had an effect the resilience of GTD grapevines. No experiments, however, have been conducted its effects wine quality, particularly white wines.Methods and results: Grapevines from expressed Esca-foliar symptoms were used for study, with some them having curetted 2014. Subsequently, bunches Control (asymptomatic), Cur...

The effects of three levels of organic matter removal (OMR) and three levels of soil compaction (SC) on the development of understory vegetation in a central hardwood forest were evaluated 9 years after treatments were applied as part of a national program of long-term soil productivity research. The three levels of biomass removal (OMR) were removal of merchantable boles only (OM0), removal of...

After mechanical harvesting of 'Concord' grapes was totally implemented, the most time-consuming vineyard operation in Arkansas became pruning. Grape producers complain of decreasing availability of qualified labor for pruning and tieing, and feel that pruning should be the next operation mechanized. Single and double curtain vines were established in a 14-year-old vineyard at the Main Station,...