The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) produces flowers aerially, but buries the recently fertilized ovules in the soil in order for the fruit and seeds to mature underground. The organ that carries the seeds into the soil is called the gynophore. The growth of the peanut gynophore is regulated primarily by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). A monoclonal antibody raised against IAA was used to success...

BACKGROUND Colonic strictures represent an advanced stage of fibrosing colonopathy in patients with cystic fibrosis. AIMS To clarify whether ultrasonography can identify patients with an early stage of fibrosing colonopathy and to determine clinical factors that influence bowel wall thickening. PATIENTS Ninety patients with cystic fibrosis, median age 10 years, and 46 healthy controls, medi...

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of age, sex and exercise on wall thickness and remodelling in the popliteal and brachial arteries. METHODS We compared wall thickness, lumen diameter and wall:lumen ratios in the brachial and popliteal arteries of 15 young (Y, 25.4+/-0.8 yr; 7M 8W) and 16 older sedentary (OS, 58.8+/-1.1 yr; 8M 8W) subjects, with 12 of the OS group also studied following 12 and ...

S egmental variation in left ventricular (LV) wall thickness is important in characterizing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, post-infarction remodeling, and myocardial noncompaction. In each of these disorders, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has greatly extended our understanding due to its ability to comprehensively assess LV structure, function, and myocardial composition over the entire LV cha...

To compare the effects of hypoxia and ischemia on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, we studied 17 isolated, isovolumic dog hearts by measuring LV diastolic chamber distensibility (LV end diastolic pressure at constant volume), wall thickness, and myocardial pH in response to hypoxia at constant coronary flow or pressure versus global ischemia (zero coronary blood flow). Hypoxic perfusat...

OBJECTIVES We examined the echocardiographic characteristics of highly trained American football players. BACKGROUND Intense physical training is associated with morphologic and physiologic cardiac changes often referred to as the "athlete's heart." Echocardiographic features peculiar to elite football players have not been described. METHODS We studied cardiac morphology and function as as...

The effect of acute alterations in coronary blood flow (CBF) on left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic wall thickness was measured by reflected ultrasound in twelve anesthetized dogs. During five minutes of coronary ligation, wall thickness decreased from a control of 9.0 ± 0.3 mm to 8.1 ± 0.3 mm (P < 0.001); during reperfusion (reactive hyperemia), wall thickness was greater than control (10.2 ± ...

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag ) is a necrotrophic bacterial pathogen of the soybean that causes bacterial pustules and is a nonhost pathogen of the chili pepper. In the current study, chili pepper fruit wound inoculated in planta with Xag 8ra formed necrotic lesions on the fruit surface and induced several structural and chemical barriers systemically in the fruit tissue. The initial...

Ripening-associated pectin disassembly in melon is characterized by a decrease in molecular mass and an increase in the solubilization of polyuronide, modifications that in other fruit have been attributed to the activity of polygalacturonase (PG). Although it has been reported that PG activity is absent during melon fruit ripening, a mechanism for PG-independent pectin disassembly has not been...