The MADS-box transcription factors play essential roles in various processes of plant growth and development. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis of 142 apple MADS-box proteins with that of other dicotyledonous species identified six putative Dormancy-Associated MADS-box (DAM) and four putative Flowering Locus C-like (FLC-like) proteins. In order to study the expression of apple MADS-bo...

In soybean, long days during post-flowering increase seed number. This positive photoperiodic effect on seed number has been previously associated with increments in the amount of radiation accumulated during the crop cycle because long days extend the duration of the crop cycle. However, evidence of intra-nodal processes independent of the availability of assimilates suggests that photoperiodi...

Phenological patterns have a great influence on community ecology. I have quantified fruit abundance using fruit traps, phenological transects, and observations on marked trees of selected species. All methods showed the main peaks of fleshy fruit production between the dry period and the middle of the rainy season. Wind, water, and mechanically dispersed seeds showed a peak of production at th...

The studies of induced mutation in Jatropha curcas were performed by exposing the healthy and dry seeds to gamma rays viz., 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 Kr doses and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) viz., 1, 2, 3 and 4 %. The observations were made for seed germination percentage, growth and yield characters such as root length, shoot length, seedling length and vigour index, plant height, petiole length,...

Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) is a subtropical tree crop that belongs to the Angiosperm family Annonaceae, which also includes sugar apple and soursop. Cherimoya flowers are pollinated by beetles and characterized by a marked protoginous dichogamy. In regions where cherimoya is now cultivated, the lack of native efficient pollinators forces the implementation of hand-pollination, thus incr...

Over the last 60 years, planting densities for apple have increased as improved management systems have been developed. Dwarfing rootstocks have been the key to the dramatic changes in tree size, spacing and early production. The Malling series of dwarfing rootstocks (M.9 and M.26) have been the most important dwarfing rootstocks in the world but are poorly adapted in some areas of the world an...

Thirty-six F1 hybrids were generated from nine lines and four testers through line x tester mating design, these F1’s along with 13 parents 1 commercial check (Punjab-8) evaluated to study the magnitude direction of heterosis for growth earliness over various characters in okra. Heterosis was studied compare traits such as days 50% flowering, picking, plant height, number internodes, branches p...

Monocarpic plant species, where reproduction is fatal, frequently exhibit variation in the length of their prereproductive period prior to flowering. If this life-history variation in flowering strategy has a genetic basis, genotype-by-environment interactions (G x E) may maintain phenotypic diversity in flowering strategy. The native monocarpic plant Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis ...

Weather and climate may influence the phenology of Dirca occidentalis A.Gray (Thymelaeaceae) in ways that impact reproductive success. blooms during winter, when likelihood entomophily be low. Based on preliminary observations timing dormancy release growth resumption varies over years among shrubs within years, we quantified fruit set flowers formed at different times examined whether annual v...