Lipids that are synthesized de novo in the epidermis, including fatty acids, oxysterols, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), and farnesol, can regulate the differentiation of normal human keratinocytes (NHK). Cholesterol sulfate (CS), an epidermal lipid that is produced in the upper nucleated layers of the epidermis coincident with terminal differentiation, has been shown to play a role in the regulati...

PURPOSE Cell division of corneal limbal stem cells gives rise to transient amplifying cells that ultimately differentiate to form the multilayered corneal epithelium. The mechanisms that regulate changes in gene expression during this process are not well understood. In the present study, the involucrin gene was used as a model to study this regulation. METHODS Regulation of human involucrin ...

Developing axons are attracted to the CNS midline by Netrin proteins and other as yet unidentified signals. Netrin signals are transduced in part by Frazzled (Fra)/DCC receptors. Genetic analysis in Drosophila indicates that additional unidentified receptors are needed to mediate the attractive response to Netrin. Analysis of Bolwig's nerve reveals that Netrin mutants have a similar phenotype t...

Three families with the fragile X syndrome were studied with the aim to establish the most frequent clinical signs in the affected individuals and heterozygous women. The clinical evaluation, IQ level measurements and cytogenetic studies were performed in 40 subjects, 20 males and 20 females. The fragile X diagnosis was confirmed in all the male individuals with mental retardation. In the postp...

The Faraday Rotation (FR) is a non-negligible effect at the L-band, which operation frequency of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. This introduces rotation in electromagnetic field polarization when propagating through ionosphere that must be compensated. Recently, methodology was developed order to retrieve Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) from SMOS radiometric data with a...

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene expression in human endothelial cells and HeLa cells is stimulated by the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) at the level of transcription. To study the mechanism of transcriptional regulation, we have characterized a segment of the t-PA gene extending from -135 to +100 by in vivo footprinting analysis [dimethyl sulphat...

Iron is required as an element to sustain life in all eukaryotes and most bacteria. Although several bacterial iron acquisition strategies have been well explored, little is known about the intracellular trafficking pathways of iron and its entry into the systems for co-factor biogenesis. In this study, we investigated the iron-dependent process of heme maturation in Bacillus subtilis and prese...

not encode any obvious signal transducing motifs. However, they do encode proline-rich motifs that are evolutionarily conserved and may bind adaptor molecules linking these receptors to signal transduction pathways. An interesting scenario exists at the midline: CNS midMark A. Seeger*‡§ and Christine E. Beattie†‡§ *Department of Molecular Genetics †Department of Pharmacology ‡Neurobiotechnology...

Oscillation power spectrum of the Kepler red giant KIC 1027337. The left panel shows raw spectrum, where frequency maximum oscillation power, νmax, is indicated by two almost coincident vertical lines corresponding to reference measurement (dashed and with new FRA pipeline (solid black), respectively. right optimally smoothed together a local fit oscillations centered around represented orange ...