Video microscopy was employed to explore crystallization of colloidal monolayers composed of diameter-tunable microgel spheres. Two-dimensional (2D) colloidal liquids were frozen homogenously into polycrystalline solids, and four 2D criteria for freezing were experimentally tested in thermal systems for the first time: the Hansen-Verlet freezing rule, the Lowen-Palberg-Simon dynamical freezing ...

We examined how 1 year students (10th grade) of Greek Senior High School could conceptualize the influence of the molecular weight of saturated fatty acids on the melting and the freezing point, during the ‘change of phase’ phenomenon using the Microcomputer-Based Laboratory (MBL) system. Students had to freeze a melted substance, observing at the same time the change of its temperature and try...

The electrochemical behavior of Au(111) in contact with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was studied by cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and immersion experiments to determine the potential zero total charge (pztc). In particular, DESs type III consisting a choline salt hydrogen bond donor (HBD) were investigated. HBDs urea ethylene glycol (EG) chosen since they belong, combinatio...

Lloyd Peck discusses the impact of two classic Science papers, the first by Art DeVries and Donald Wohlshlag, published in 1969 and the second by DeVries alone published in 1971 on freeze tolerance in Antarctic fish. Art DeVries transformed our understanding of low-temperature biology with two publications in 1969 and 1971. The first paper was with Donald Wohlshlag, an icon of low-temperature b...

Water exchanges between rabbit erythrocytes and extracellular solutions equidistant from intracellular osmolarity were studied by freezing point depression techniques. Water efflux was always less than water influx and both were hypotonic to the intracellular and extracellular fluids. The magnitudes of these water exchanges were not dependent on the presence of extracellular cation. Stimulation...

To determine whether drying and hypertonicity of the airway surface fluid (ASF) are involved in thermally induced asthma, nine subjects performed isocapnic hyperventilation (HV) (minute ventilation 62.2 +/- 8.3 l/min) of frigid air (-8.9 +/- 3.3 degrees C) while periciliary fluid was collected endoscopically from the trachea. Osmolality was measured by freezing-point depression. The baseline 1-...