According to a well-known result by W. Hildenbrand [6], if all consumers possess the same demand function and the density of the expenditure distribution is decreasing, than the average income effect term is non-negative even if inferior goods are present, so that the aggregate demand must be monotone. We show that if the expenditure density is uni-modal and a certain relation between the incom...

Lock-in is observed in real world markets of experience goods; experience goods are goods whose characteristics are difficult to determine in advance, but ascertained upon consumption. We create an agent-based simulation of consumers choosing between two experience goods available in a virtual market. We model consumers in a grid representing the spatial network of the consumers. Utilising simp...

Long-distance trade has been rapidly increasing in recent years. As traders from around the world exchange goods, they form networks with traders as nodes and transactions as links. We use an agent-based model of a simple artificial economy to examine the emergence of trade networks when the distance between traders matters. Distance can become an issue if fuel for transportation becomes expens...

The non-excludable and non-rivalrous characteristics of public goods distinguish them from private goods. existence these two leads to the “free rider problem” variation problem, making market supply less than actual demand, thus causing failure. government should therefore intervene against this impact. At beginning 2020, global outbreak novel COVID-19 brought significant harm various countrie...

‎This paper has two aims. The first is forecasting inflation in Iran using Macroeconomic variables data in Iran (Inflation rate, liquidity, GDP, prices of imported goods and exchange rates) , and the second is comparing the performance of forecasting vector auto regression (VAR), Bayesian Vector-Autoregressive (BVAR), GARCH, time series and neural network models by which Iran's inflation is for...

We consider a stylized model of content contribution in a peer-to-peer network. The model is appealing because it allows for linear-quadratic payoff functions and for very general interaction patterns among agents. We ask: How do different link patterns affect contributions? How are contributions affected by whether these goods are strategic complements, substitutes, or something in between? Wh...