BACKGROUND Validated risk equations are currently recommended to assess individuals to determine those at 'high risk' of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is no longer a risk 'equation of choice'. AIM This study examined the differences between four commonly-used CVD risk equations. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional analysis of individuals who participated in a workplace-based r...

BACKGROUND Guidelines for coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention recommend using multifactorial risk prediction algorithms, particularly the Framingham risk score. We sought to examine whether adding information on job strain to the Framingham model improves its predictive power in a low-risk working population. METHODS Our analyses are based on data from the prospective Whitehall II cohort ...

BACKGROUND Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels have been shown to predict atherosclerotic vascular disease hospitalization and mortality. We sought to investigate the role of renal function in the prediction of 10-year atherosclerotic vascular hospitalization and deaths in an unselected population of elderly women and compared these predictions to Framingham equations. METHODS ...

We designed this study to explore to what extent the excess risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic individuals is attributable to hypertension. We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data from the Framingham original and offspring cohorts. Of the 1145 Framingham subjects newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who did not have a previous history of cardiovascular events, 663 (58%...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Family history is perceived to be an important risk factor for stroke despite conflicting published data. We examined patterns of familial aggregation of stroke among three generations using data from the Framingham Study. METHODS Cox proportional hazards analyses, adjusting for known stroke risk factors, were used to examine familial concordance in three groups: (1) me...

At the Framingham Heart Study under separate research grant funding from the National Institute of Aging, NIH, we are gathering brain structure and cognitive information on the Framingham Offspring, creating one of the largest known data sets to assess changes in brain structure associated with normative ageing and cognitive decline. Subject recruitment, data collection, data management and sta...

The Framingham Heart Study is a well known longitudinal cohort study. In recent years, the community-based Framingham Heart Study has embarked on genome-wide association studies. In this paper, we present a Framingham Heart Study genome-wide analysis for fasting triglycerides trait in the Genetic Analysis Workshop16 Problem 2 using multivariate adaptive splines for the analysis of longitudinal ...

Normality of random effects is a routine assumption for the linear mixed model, but it may be unrealistic, obscuring important features of among-individual variation. We relax this assumption by approximating the random effects density by the seminonparameteric (SNP) representation of Gallant and Nychka (1987, Econometrics 55, 363-390), which includes normality as a special case and provides fl...

The aim of this study is to provide an easy tool to identify patients with a high cardiovascular risk, especially those qualifying for lipid-lowering treatment. The decision to treat with lipid-lowering drugs was assessed with five new risk algorithms. The Five Risk algorithm (5R) takes into account male gender, high systolic blood pressure, high total cholesterol, smoking and high blood sugar ...

LARGE variations in the incidence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) have been claimed to exist around the world [l, 21. It is important to establish the validity of geographic variation in CHD incidence as it provides clues to the causes and prevention of this disease. Vital statistics have shown a lower death rate from CHD among middle aged men in Puerto Rico and in the Honolulu Japanese than in...