I examine the inXuence of the framing of investment portfolios on the risk-taking behavior of individual investors. Investment portfolios can be presented either in aggregated or segregated framing, meaning that either the overall distribution or the single investments of portfolios are displayed. Previous studies have found that simple lottery portfolios are more attractive if their overall di...

A framing of an oriented trivial bundle is a homotopy class of sections of the associated oriented frame bundle. This paper is a study of the framings of the tangent bundle τM of a smooth closed oriented 3-manifold M , often referred to simply as framings of M . We shall also discuss stable framings and 2-framings of M , that is framings of ε ⊕ τM (where ε is an oriented line bundle) and 2τM = ...

Framing research seeks to understand the forces that shape human behaviour in the policy process. It assumes that policy is a social construct and can be cast in a variety of ways to imply multiple legitimate value considerations. Frames provide the cognitive means of making sense of the social world, but discordance among them forms the basis of policy contestation. Framing, as both theory and...

It is well-known that a knot in a contact manifold (M, C) transverse to a trivialized contact structure possesses the natural framing given by the first of the trivialization vectors along the knot. If the Euler class eC ∈ H (M) of C is nonzero, then C is nontrvivializable and the natural framing of transverse knots does not exist. We construct a new framing-type invariant of transverse knots c...

BACKGROUND Unweighted summation or quality-adjusted life year (QALY) utilitarianism is the most common way to aggregate health benefits in a cost-effectiveness analysis. A key qualitative principle underlying QALY utilitarianism is separability: those individuals unaffected by a policy choice should not influence the policy choice. Separability also underlies several of the alternatives for QAL...

Many previous experiments document that behavior in multi-person settings responds to the name of the game and the labeling of strategies. With a few exceptions, these studies cannot tell whether frames affect preferences or beliefs. In three large experiments, we investigate whether social framing effects are also present in Dictator games. Since only one of the subjects makes a decision, the ...

People commonly talk about goals metaphorically as destinations on physical paths extending into the future or as contained in future periods. Does metaphor use have consequences for people's motivation to engage in goal-directed action? Three experiments examine the effect of metaphor use on students' engagement with their academic possible identity: their image of themselves as academically s...