We show that a complete covariantization of the chiral constraint in the FloreaniniJackiw necessitates an infinite number of auxiliary Wess-Zumino fields otherwise the covariantization is only partial and unable to remove the nonlocality in the chiral boson operator. We comment on recent works that claim to obtain covariantization through the use of Batalin-Fradkin-Tyutin method, that uses just...

We propose a global model which accounts for all the observed quantum Hall states in terms of an abelian doublet of Chern-Simons gauge fields, with the strength of the Chern-Simons term given by a coupling matrix. The model is employed within the composite fermion picture. PACS numbers: 73.40.Hm, 11.15.Bt, 73.20.Dx Typeset using REVTEX 1 The quantum Hall effects in two dimensional systems are o...

The region of the eastern North Pacific coastline dominated by the California Current was surveyed annually from 2001–2003 to examine (1) benthic macro-invertebrate and algal populations, (2) the magnitude and patterns of key environmental variables, and (3) how dynamic populations and communities of macroalgae and invertebrates respond to spatial differences in nearshore geomorphology, wave dy...

Reported elsewhere in this issue is an analysis by the Division of Diabetes Translation (a component of the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) of follow-up data linked to National Health Interview Surveys noting that, in both sexes, American adults with diabetes surveyed b...

We study quantum Hall systems (mainly the integer case) at finite temperatures and show that there is a novel temperature dependence even for a pure system, thanks to the ‘anomalous’ nature of generators of translation. The deviation of Hall conductivity from its zero temperature value is controlled by a parameter T0 = πρ/m N which is sample specific and hence the universality of quantization i...

The simplest example of the onset of chaos in a Hamiltonian system is provided by the “standard” or Chirikov-Taylor model. As a nonlinearity parameter, k , is increased the long term behavior of the momentum, p , is examined. At k = 0, p is conserved. For k < k,, for all startingpoints,p is of bounded variation. For some starting points its behavior is periodic, for others quasi-periodic, for o...

We show that for a system containing a set of general second class constraints which are linear in the phase space variables, the Abelian conversion can be obtained in a closed form and that the first class constraints generate a generalized shift symmetry. We study in detail the example of a general first order Lagrangian and show how the shift symmetry noted in the context of BV quantization ...

We study platforms in the sharing economy and discuss the need for incentivizing users to explore options that otherwise would not be chosen. For instance, rental platforms such as Airbnb typically rely on customer reviews to provide users with relevant information about different options. Yet, often a large fraction of options does not have any reviews available. Such options are frequently ne...

The second class constraints algebra of the abelian Chern-Simons theory is rigorously studied in terms of the Hamiltonian embedding in order to obtain the first class constraint system. The symplectic structure of fields due to the second class constraints disappears in the resulting system. Then we obtain a new type of Chern-Simons action which has an infinite set of the irreducible first clas...