We report the implementation of vector bending sensors using long-period gratings (LPGs) UV-inscribed in flat-clad, four-core and D-shaped fibres. Our experiments reveal a strong fibre-orientation dependence of the spectral response when such LPGs are subjected to dynamic bending, which provided an opportunity to realize curvature measurement with direction recognition.

Curved DNA molecules and unusually small circles have been obtained by ligation of synthetic 21-base precursors: (sequence in text). The ligation resulted in the formation of double-stranded oligo-(precursor)s possessing a strong 10.5-base-pair (bp) periodicity of the runs of adenines. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the ligation products showed two distinct families of sp...

While the effects of legal and institutional arrangements on political participation are well documented, little attention has been given to the potential participatory effects of one of the United States’ most important electoral laws: constitutionally mandated reapportionment. By severing the ties between constituents and their incumbents, we argue, redistricting raises information costs, lea...

in his paper the effect of ribbing in bending and tortional resisance of the box type structure is discussed . for satisfactory design of press structures . the stiffness characteristics of individual components are recognised to be of primary importance. heavy press stucures are normaly constructed in double-sided form . because of transportation and handing problems , these frames are usually...

Aiming at the low efficiency and unstable accuracy of current mold-pressing straightening for LSAW pipes, a three-roll continuous process is proposed in this study, which uses roller instead mold bending. According to novel technology, calculation model theoretical moment derived based on springback equation plane bending with small curvature, initial curvature established new deflection detect...

The objective of this study is to inkjet print resistor-capacitor (RC) low pass electrical filters, using a novel water-based cellulose graphene ink, and compare the voltage-frequency and transient behavior to equivalent circuits constructed from discrete passive components. The synthesized non-toxic graphene-carboxymethyl cellulose (G-CMC) ink is deposited on mechanically flexible polyimide su...

Although the current field of application Al–alloy 7075 (AA7075) is vast, it still limited due to some drawbacks, especially its susceptibility stress corrosion cracking (SCC). This work aims evaluate microstructural, mechanical, and (SCC) behaviors on an AA7075 in flat format deformed by a combination repetitive corrugation straightening (RCS) accumulative roll bonding (ARB) techniques. Four d...

One of the aims of braneworld cosmology is to identify a ‘smoking gun’ for the existence of large extra dimensions by means of observations of the early universe. Braneworld cosmology has succeeded in reproducing the conventional cosmology at late times in a higher-dimensional context, but finding a unique observational signature has proved elusive. Here we demonstrate that the recently propose...

Gravure printing is a promising large-scale fabrication method for flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs) because it compatible with two-dimension patternable roll-to-roll fabrication. However, the unsuitable rheological property of ZnO nanoinks resulted in unevenness and looseness gravure-printed interfacial layer. Here we propose strategy to manipulate macroscopic microscopic films through usin...