We study how the vertical distribution of relative humidity (RH) affects climate sensitivity, even if it remains unchanged with warming. Using a radiative-convective equilibrium model, we show that sensitivity depends on shape fixed humidity, tending to be higher for atmospheres humidity. interpret these effects in terms effective emission height water vapor. Differences RH are shown explain la...

In-situ measurements of the water vapour content in atmosphere and surface are required for the better understanding of the physical, chemical, and possibly also exobiological processes in the upper Martian surface. The method measures the water vapour content coulometrically in the range between saturation and dew point temperatures less than -90°CTd. The typical sensor characteristics are: lo...

Four methods of downscaling daily rainfall sequences from general circulation model (GCM) simulations are intercompared over Senegal, using a 13-station network of daily observations during July–September 1961–98. The local scaling method calibrates raw GCM daily rainfall at the closest grid point to a given station so that the climatological distribution of rainfall matches the observed one. T...

An improved algorithm is developed based on support vector regression (SVR) to estimate horizonal water vapor transport integrated through the depth of the atmosphere (Θ) over the global ocean from observations of surface wind-stress vector by QuikSCAT, cloud drift wind vector derived from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and geostationary satellites, and precipitable water from...

This study analyses potential associations between day-to-day variations in common ragweed pollen counts in the southern Hungarian district of Szeged and meteorological variables using adapted factor analysis. The database includes ten years (1997-2006) worth of data on daily common ragweed pollen ratios (value on the given day per value on the day before) and daily differences (value on the gi...

Atmospheric circulation anomalies, related to snowfall events on the Tanzanian volcano Kilimanjaro, were analyzed based on hourly snowfall data from an automated weather station (AWS), global precipitation and reanalysis products. Analysis of 5 years of data (2000–2005) shows that snowfall on Kilimanjaro is linked to large-scale circulation anomalies, which can be identified in global reanalysi...

The air–sea fluxes of momentum, heat, freshwater and their components have been computed globally from 1948 at frequencies ranging from 6-hourly to monthly. All fluxes are computed over the 23 years from 1984 to 2006, but radiation prior to 1984 and precipitation before 1979 are given only as climatological mean annual cycles. The input data are based on NCEP reanalysis only for the near surfac...

An embedded system is the dedicated system designed for certain specific functions. This system is embedded as a part of complete device system that includes hardware such as mechanical and electrical components. Embedded systems seek various applications in consumer electronics, automotive electronics, industrial electronics, medical electronics, safety and storage control. A Single Chip Embed...