The non-polar component of the potential of mean force of dimerization of alanine dipeptide has been calculated in explicit solvent by free energy perturbation. We observe that the calculated PMF is inconsistent with a non-polar hydration free energy model based solely on the solute surface area. The non-linear behavior of the solute-solvent van der Waals energy is primarily responsible for the...

The motor system adapts to novel dynamic environments by forming internal models that predict the muscle forces needed to move skillfully. The goal of this study was to determine how muscle fatigue affects internal model formation during arm movement and whether an internal model acquired while fatigued could be recalled accurately after rest. Twelve subjects adapted to a viscous force field ap...

In biological adhesion, the biophysical mechanism of specific biomolecular interaction can be divided in slip and catch bonds, respectively. Conceptually, slip bonds exhibit a reduced bond lifetime under increased external force and catch bonds, in contrast, exhibit an increased lifetime (for a certain force interval). Since 2003, a handful of biological systems have been identified to display ...

the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of individual and co-inoculation of trichoderma species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) on growth, mycorrhization, population of trichoderma, and wilt disease severity in pigeon pea (cajanus cajan l millsp). three species of trichoderma, namely, t. harzianum (th), t. virens (tr), and t. viride (tv) and consortium of amf (myc; mixture...

formability of automotive friction stir welded twb (tailor welded blank) sheets isnumerically investigated in biaxial stretching based on hemispherical dome stretch (hds) test infour automotive sheets of aluminum alloy 6111-t4, 5083-h18, 5083-o and dp590 steel, havingdifferent thicknesses. the effects of the weld zone modeling and the thickness ratio on formabilityare evaluated. in order to car...

Cardiac sarcomeres produce greater active force in response to stretch, forming the basis of the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart. The purpose of this study was to provide the systematic understanding of length-dependent activation by investigating experimentally and mathematically how the thin filament "on-off" switching mechanism is involved in its regulation. Porcine left ventricular mu...

A previously developed mesoscopic friction model for glass/PP textile composite laminates during forming is evaluated for glass and carbon/PPS laminates, at higher temperatures and lower viscosities than before. Experiments were performed for tool/ply and ply/ply configurations in a new friction test set-up. The experimental results indicate that this contact is indeed in the hydrodynamic regim...

Energy method is an essential theoretical approach to analyze plastic forming, which widely used in rolling process. An analysis model for vertical process established according energy theory. By using global weighted firstly, the 3D continuous velocity field, strain rate field and corresponding power functional are proposed. The unknown variables calculated numerically based on principle of mi...

development of a numerical model which describes launching of offshore jackets from barge is presented in this paper. in this model, in addition to capabilities of commercial softwares, water entry forces on jacket members and an implicit newmark solution technique are included. the results are in general agreement with other numerical software’s available (sacs). fluid forces acting on jacket ...

in order to design and manufacturing some postharvest equipment, determination of some hydrodynamic properties of crops are necessary. the quality of products in global and local markets can be increased by applying these properties and receive economical benefits. for these purpose, two local varieties of apples in the east azerbaijan province, iran(asheghi and gare yapraq)were selected.ashegh...