AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of two techniques for bonding lingual orthodontic retainer; the chairside modified bonding technique introduced by Al-Emran and Hashim, and the chairside manual bonding technique currently used in orthodontic practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four extracted cariesfree premolars were divided into two equal groups. Group A rep...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this longitudinal prospective randomized study was to evaluate the clinical reliability of two different types of postorthodontic treatment retainers: a silanised-treated glass fibers-reinforced resin composite (FRC) and a directly bonded multistranded stainless steel wire. The hypothesis of the study was to assess if significant differences are present between failure...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) in fixed lingual retention as an alternative to stainless steel. METHODS Exploratory Y-TZP specimens were milled to establish design parameters. Next, the specimens were milled according to ASTM standard C1161-13 and subjected to 4-point flexural tests to determine material properties. F...

AIM The aim of this study is to present a case of large maxillary median diastema closed by bodily movement of central incisors using Bapat power arm (BPA). MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of mesiodens, a power chain with a force of 120 gm was applied to BPA ligated to preadjusted edgewise brackets bonded to maxillary central incisors to move them over round steel wire for closure of r...

Concern is growing about a crisis in recruitment and retention in general practice in the United Kingdom. Although national statistics for Scotland show continued increases in the number of unrestricted general practitioner principals, the trend is slowing. More worryingly the numbers show a decrease in full time practitioners every year for the past 10 years. Large increases in the numbers of ...

The problem of quantifier elimination of positive semidefinite cyclic ternary quartic forms is studied in this paper. We solve the problem by function RealTriangularize in Maple15, the theory of complete discrimination systems and the so-called Criterions on Equality of Symmetric Inequalities method. The equivalent simple quantifier-free formula is proposed, which is difficult to obtain automat...

By means of the function induced by a logical formula A, the concept of truth degree of the logical formula A is introduced in the 3-valued pre-rough logic in this paper. Moreover, similarity degrees among formulas are proposed and a pseudometric is defined on the set of formulas, and hence a possible framework suitable for developing approximate reasoning theory in 3-value logic pre-rough logi...