BACKGROUND The roles of descending facilitatory pathway from the rostral medial medulla (RMM) in development of persistent spontaneous nociception and hyperalgesia were evaluated in the bee venom (BV) test and the formalin test. METHODS Bilateral lesions of the RMM with ibotenic acid, a soma-selective neurotoxin, were performed to study their effects on the spontaneous pain-related behaviors ...

This study investigates the effectiveness of the antinociceptive effects of diclofenac, an NSAID, on the nociceptive behavior of morphine-treated rats on formalin test. Rats were treated with morphine-containing drinking water for twenty one days, which induced morphine dependence. The antinociceptive effects of 8, 16, and 32 mg/kg doses of diclofenac were then evaluated and compared with disti...

Pharmacognosy Research,2022,14,3,297-303.DOI:10.5530/pres.14.3.43Published:July 2022Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Abdullah R Alzahrani, and Imran Shahid Author(s) affiliations:Abdullah Shahid* Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, Faculty Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, SAUDI ARABIA. Abstract:Background: Brassica campestris plant, a prominent member Brassicaceae family, h...

Behavioral, electrophysiological, and autoradiographic experiments were done to study the second nociceptive phase in the formalin test. In initial experiments, this second phase was attenuated by 1-10 mg of the NK-1 receptor antagonist CP-99,994, given subcutaneously 10, 30, or 60 min before formalin (n = 8-10) and by 20 microgram given intrathecally 20 min after formalin (n = 13); the inactiv...

Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant agent is used as one of the analgesic drugs in different kinds of pain. In the present study the effect of local (subcutaneous) injection of amitriptyline (50 and 100 µg) on the acute and chronic pain using formalin test, was investigated. Our data show that local injection of amitriptyline to the paw receiving formalin, causes a decrease in pain in bot...

Introduction: Hyperalgesia is one of the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy and is considered as a major clinical complaint in these patients which could affect the quality of their life. Since attenuation of hyperalgesia is very important, in the present study the possible analgesic effect of aqueous extract of coriander was investigated in male rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes using sta...

BACKGROUND Curcumin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, and antinociceptive activity when administered systemically. We investigated the analgesic efficacy of intrathecal curcumin in a rat model of inflammatory pain. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were prepared for intrathecal catheterization. Pain was evoked by injection of formalin s...

Introduction: Orexin-A and B (Hypocretin 1 and 2) are neuropeptides that are mostly expressed in the posterior and lateral hypothalamus (LH). Intracisternal (ICV) and intratechal (IT) injections of orexin-A (hypocretin-1) have been shown to elicit analgesic responses in formalin test. However, the locations of central sites that may mediate these effects have not been clearly elucidated. Ore...

abstract  introduction: diabetic rats display exaggerated hyperalgesic behavior in response to noxious stimuli that may resemble and model aspects of painful diabetic neuropathy in humans. this study was designed to investigate the effect of trigonella foenum-graecum (tfg) on formalin-induced nociceptive responses (standard formalin test) in streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic rats.  methods:...

the involvement of supraspinal alpha-adrenergic receptors in tonic pain was assessed in formalin-induced pain in rats. the alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist clonidine, along with yohimbine and prazosin, α2 and α1 receptor antagonists, were introduced intracerebroventrically (icv) and/or systemically in different doses. the data show that 1) clonidine exerts an alpha adrenergic analgesic effect, in ad...