The knowledge-based system COFEX (Cold Forging Expert) has been developed to assist in the planning of the cold forging of a wide variety of tubular steel components. Following user-input of the required shape and dimensions of the finished forging, together with as many different sequences as desired, each operation is examined by the system by consulting the knowledge-base process rules and d...

This paper describes the development of a diagnostic expert system that identifies the cause of various manufacturing defects in hot forging and suggests remedies. The patterns of defect generation are various and due to many possible causes. They depend on part designs, tool designs and process conditions. Pertinent factors include part shape, the state of lubrication, location of the performe...

Among the many input parameters of a forging process (for a multi-stage process one can count more than 200 different inputs!) the following important inputs shall be mentioned: Forging Material characteristics (flow curve = f(temperature, strain, strain rate, micro-structure) Influence of heat coefficients Friction type and friction value as well as lubrication Heat transfer Ambient media and ...