BACKGROUND To reduce injection pain and improve satisfaction, a thinner (29-gauge [29G]), sharper (5-bevel) needle than the 27G/3-bevel needle used previously to inject interferon (IFN) beta-1a, 44 or 22 mcg subcutaneously (sc) three times weekly (tiw), was developed for use in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Two clinical trials in healthy volunteers and five surveys of patients with MS were...

It is a common practice for medical practitioners to use subcutaneous infiltration of lidocaine to alleviate the pain of intravenous cannulation or line insertion. Although previous studies have assessed several factors affecting the pain associated with local anesthetic infiltration, there is a paucity of data on the effects of needle bevel position. In this prospective, randomized, controlled...

Spiral bevel gears are manufactured and used in pairs. When one part usually pinion fatigued, the pair will be replaced. It inevitably leads to a waste of resources time. To solve this phenomenon, method remanufacture with ease-off topology modification is proposed. First, wheel were measured fitting tooth surface, then conjugate surface was derived. Secondly, an superimposed improve mesh perfo...

BACKGROUND Infrequent but serious complications of transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) occur due to inadvertent intravascular injections. A few studies reported that the different needle types can influence on the occurrences of intravascular incidence in TFESI. This study prospectively evaluated whether short-bevel needle can reduce the incidences of intravascular injection of TF...

Abstract The flank load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears is mainly limited by the failure modes pitting, scuffing, tooth fracture phenomenon micropitting. By application a standardized calculation method, e.g. according to international standard ISO 10300:2014, first estimation can be made based on macro geometry or gear set. According method B 10300:2014 complexity real reduced virt...