INTRODUCTION Options currently available to individuals with upper limb loss range from prosthetic hands that can perform many movements, but require more cognitive effort to control, to simpler terminal devices with limited functional abilities. We attempted to address this issue by designing a myoelectric control system to modulate prosthetic hand posture and digit force distribution. METHO...

We discuss the distribution of the gravitational force created by a Poissonian distribution of field sources (stars, galaxies,...) in different dimensions of space d. In d = 3, when the particle number N → +∞, it is given by a Lévy law called the Holtsmark distribution. It presents an algebraic tail for large fluctuations due to the contribution of the nearest neighbor. In d = 2, for large but ...

We present results from both simulation and experiment on a 2D gran-ular shear-cell. The experiments determine the position of disks and their orientations over time, as well as the force on individual disks. We use computerized particle tracking techniques to achieve the former and pho-toelasticity to achieve the latter. The simulations use MD force laws and eecient algorithms to simulate as c...

Simulated granular packings with different particle friction coefficient mu are examined. The distribution of the particle-particle and particle-wall normal and tangential contact forces P(f) are computed and compared with existing experimental data. Here f identical with F/(-)F is the contact force F normalized by the average value (-)F. P(f) exhibits exponential-like decay at large forces, a ...

In this article, methods for force distribution control of power grasp are developed. A power grasp is characterized by multiple points of contact between the object grasped and the surfaces of the ngers and palm. The grasp is highly stable because of form closure. However, modeling power grasps is diicult because of the resulting closed kinematic structure and the complexity of multiple contac...

A method of incorporating surface roughness into theoretical calculations of surface forces is presented. The model contains two chief elements. First, surface roughness is represented as a probability distribution of surface heights around an average surface height. A roughness-averaged force is determined by taking an average of the classic flat-surface force, weighing all possible separation...

A key to modeling polarimetric signatures of painted objects is the polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). In particular, it is important to correctly capture the out-of-plane behavior of the BRDF. From the theoretical point of view, the BRDF is a complex object – a 4 x 4 matrix of functions, each depending on three angles. Brute force tabulation of such an object ...

In CG community, many kinds of physical-based (impulse-based) approaches such as Mirtich’s and Baraff’s ones have been proposed for showing dynamic animation. However, because they generate and calibrate only an impulsive force, i.e., an area of force distribution, the impulsive forces are not always precisely calibrated. Moreover, since they do not deal with any exact impulse (force distributi...