INTRODUCTION Osteochondrosis of the second or third metatarsal head is a rare condition called Freiberg's disease. To relieve foot pain, conservative treatment with a foot orthosis to reduce weight-bearing and immobilize the foot are recommended. In cases in which such treatments have proved to be ineffective, several surgical treatments have been performed. The appropriate surgical treatment f...

BACKGROUND Diverse theories of orthoses application have evolved with the continual development of podiatric biomechanics and orthotic management. This theoretical disparity can lead to confusion in clinical, educational, and research situations. However, although approaches are varied, the common consensus is that foot orthoses outcomes are generally positive. METHODS Three main podiatric th...

The traditional theory on subtalar joint neutral position and intrinsic foot deformities for the evaluation and treatment of foot and ankle disorders has been the basis for foot orthotics for many years. Although clinical evaluations have suggested a relationship between subtalar pronation and a variety of lower limb problems, such as shin splints and anterior knee pain, recent research has rai...

Flatfoot (pes planus) is described as a reduction or absence of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) foot, with without additional deformities foot and ankle. It very common orthopedic manifestation in infants children usually resolves by adolescence. Flat flexible painless no functional compromise so that physiologic. In some rare cases flatfoot can become painful rigid may be sign pathology suc...

BACKGROUND Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is a relatively common problem of middle-aged adults that usually is treated operatively. The purpose of this study was to identify strength deficits with early stage PTTD and to assess the efficacy of a focused nonoperative treatment protocol. METHODS Forty-seven consecutive patients with stage I or II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction ...