This paper analyses distributional effects of revenue-neutral tax reforms aimed at improving dietary quality and encouraging healthier grain consumption. Using data on household grain purchases, we analyse both the impact on dietary quality and the tax incidence among income groups of VAT reforms and excise duty reforms. The VAT reforms include subsidies of healthy products (products labelled w...

As this volume is going to press, the U.S. government seems poised to make the first major changes in the official poverty measure in more than 40 years.1 The official measure was initially formulated in 1963 by Mollie Orshansky of the Social Security Administration, who had been asked to develop a gauge of economic need that could provide data useful to the War on Poverty. Orshansky created th...

Normal ageing is often accompanied by loss of appetite and decrease in food intake. Weight loss of senescence is called anorexia of ageing. As an outstanding scientist and physician of Traditional Persian Medicine, Avicenna has introduced an unconventional approach to seniors. He also believed that the elderly should consider special schemes in order to maintain their health. These schemes incl...

Feeding and food choice are crucial to the survival of an animal. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans feeds on various microorganisms in nature, and is usually fed Escherichia coli in the laboratory. To elucidate the mechanisms of food/non-food discrimination in C. elegans, we examined the accumulation of various fluorescent polystyrene microspheres in the absence and presence of bacterial food...

T he main aim of this paper is analyzing the relationship between tax evasion and the monitoring expenditure on tax collectionin Iran. For doing so, we have used a simulation model for determining optimal level of monitoring expenses on tax collection. The results showed that, a greater portion of government expenses must be allocated to monitor the tax collection, although do this reduces...

In this paper we analyse the stabilisation properties of distortionary taxes in a New Keynesian model with overlapping generations of finitely-lived consumers. In this framework, government debt is part of net wealth and this adds a number of interesting channels through which fiscal policy could affect output and inflation. Output volatility, in presence of technology shocks, is not substantia...