objective(s) the effect of tamoxifen as a selective estrogen receptor modulator which is widely used for treatment of early and metastatic breast cancer was investigated on the folliculogenesis in rat's fetuses and neonates. materials and methods the pregnant rats assigned into test and control groups. control group received olive oil and treatment groups received either 17-β-estradiol (10...

Adolescent idiopathic premature ovarian failure (POF) is extremely rare. In such conditions, there a defect in the process of folliculogenesis axis leading to hypoestrogenic state and infertility. This disorder significantly impacts woman's prospective health, fertility, motherhood. A case 24-year-old female diagnosed with adolescent under hormone replacement therapy who visited us for fertilit...

Members of the forkhead box O1 (FOXO) family of transcription factors are expressed in granulosa cells during various stages of follicle development, and evidence from rodent and other model systems suggests that they may be involved in regulating follicular activation and oocyte maturation. In this report, we show that FOXO1, FOXO3, and FOXO4 are expressed in human luteinized mural granulosa c...

Premature ovarian failure is defined as a primary ovarian defect characterized by absent menarche (primary amenorrhea) or premature depletion of ovarian follicles/arrested folliculogenesis before the age of 40 years (secondary amenorrhea). Hormonally, POF is defined by abnormally low levels of estrogen and high levels of FSH, which demonstrate that the ovaries are no longer responding to circul...