Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the inert gas aggregation technique. We found the optimal experimental conditions to synthesize nanoparticles at different sizes: 1.3 ± 0.2, 1.7 ± 0.3, 2.5 ± 0.4, 3.7 ± 0.4, 4.5 ± 0.9, and 5.5 ± 0.3 nm. We were able to investigate the dependence of the size of the nanoparticles on the synthesis parameters. Our data suggest that the aggregation of clus...

The chemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles (NP) by using gold (III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl∙3H₂O) and sodium citrate as a reducing agent in aqueous conditions at 100 °C is presented here. Gold nanoparticles areformed by a galvanic replacement mechanism as described by Lee and Messiel. Morphology of gold-NP was analyzed by way of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy; results ind...

In this research the exclusive decay of                         is calculated by QCD factorization (QCDF) method and final state interaction (FSI). First, the  decay is calculated via QCDF method. The result that is found by using the QCDF method is less than the experimental result. So FSI is considered to solve the decay. For this decay, via the exchange of mesons are chosen for the intermedi...

Polyhexes, shapes made up of regular hexagons connected edge-to-edge, provide a rich source of prototiles for edge-to-edge fractal tilings. Numerous examples are given of fractal tilings with 2-fold and 3-fold rotational symmetry based on prototiles derived by dissecting polyhexes with 2-fold and 3-fold rotational symmetry, respectively. A systematic analysis is made of candidate prototiles bas...

Recently, Dan Shechtman was awarded the Nobel-Prize for his 1984 discovery of a quasicrystalline phase with five-fold symmetry [1] in a sputtered Al-Mn alloy. While the solid-state community considered this discovery initially with great skepticism [2], as is now vividly described in many newspaper articles and in Shechtman’s Wikipedia page [3], the existence of material with such a symmetry ha...

Vault is a 12.9 MDa ribonucleoprotein particle with a barrel-like shape, two protruding caps and an invaginated waist structure that is highly conserved in a wide variety of eukaryotes. Multimerization of the major vault protein (MVP) is sufficient to assemble the entire exterior shell of the barrel-shaped vault particle. Multiple copies of two additional proteins, vault poly(ADP-ribose) polyme...

We develop a generalized triangle geometry, using an arbitrary bilinear form in an affine plane over a general field. By introducing standardized coordinates we find canonical forms for some basic centers and lines. Strong concurrencies formed by quadruples of lines from the Incenter hierarchy are investigated, including joins of corresponding Incenters, Gergonne, Nagel, Spieker points, Mittenp...

Periodic waves in the modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation are revisited setting of fractional Laplacian. Two families solutions local case given by sign-definite dnoidal and sign-indefinite cnoidal solutions. Both can be characterized general as global minimizers quadratic part energy functional subject to fixed \(L^4\) norm: (sign-indefinite) obtained subspace even (odd) functions. Mors...

We discovered the chirality of charge density waves (CDW) in 1T-TiSe2 by using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and optical ellipsometry. We found that the CDW intensity becomes Ia1 : Ia2 : Ia3 = 1 : 0.7 ± 0.1 : 0.5 ± 0.1, where Iai (i =1, 2, 3) is the amplitude of the tunnelling current contributed by the CDWs. There were two states, in which the three intensity peaks of the CDW decrease c...

Zhang found a simple, elegant argument deducing the non-existence of an infinite open cluster in certain lattice percolation models (for example, p = 1/2 bond percolation on the square lattice) from general results on the uniqueness of an infinite open cluster when it exists; this argument requires some symmetry. Here we show that a simple modification of Zhang’s argument requires only 2-fold (...