The foam that occurs in the process can cause problems with effectiveness of or quality final product. economic consequences uncontrolled foaming be very significant and serious losses require expensive operating changes. Foaming just as treating other types problems, such corrosion, fouling, emulsion. Indonesia is known largest producer palm oil, so it has potential a downstream oil derivative...

Polymer foams are expanding their applications into functional materials. Partial foam structure has been fabricated in polyethylene terephthalate–polyethylene naphthalate (PET–PEN) copolymer by solid state foaming. Through SEM image analyses, a potential to fabricate gradient structures with micropores and unfoamed skin layers identified. The post-foaming temperature Tf tune the pore size dist...

We present an unusual case of flash burn injury in an adolescent following accidental combination of foaming bath bubbles and tea light candle flame. There has not been any reported similar case described before. This serves as a learning point for public prevention and clinicians managing burn injuries.