objectives: fluoride therapy is important for control and prevention of dental caries. laser irradiation can increase fluoride uptake especially when combined with topical fluoride application. the objective of this study was to compare the effects of co 2 and diode lasers on enamel fluoride uptake in primary teeth. materials and methods: forty human primary molars were randomly assigned to fou...

A new approach to sample digestion, subsequent vaporization and introduction to an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectrometer was developed for the direct determination of magnesium. To each small sample cuvette made of tungsten, a ground rock sample was precisely weighed. The cuvette was situated on a tungsten boat furnace. Ammonium fluoride solution was added to the cuvette...

OBJECTIVE To determine fluoride excretion under various conditions of fluoride intake and to estimate the fractional urinary excretion of fluoride in individual children participating in a school milk fluoridation scheme. DESIGN In the first part of the study, individual urine samples were collected from each of eight 4 to 5-year-old children for a continuous period of 55 h. For each child (n...

The beneficial effects of fluoride on human oral health are well studied. There are numerous studies demonstrating that a small amount of fluoride delivered to the oral cavity decreases the prevalence of dental decay and results in stronger teeth and bones. However, ingestion of fluoride more than the recommended limit leads to toxicity and adverse effects. In order to update our understanding ...

Background; Fluoride is an essential nutrient for the human body. The major routes of fluoride intake include food and drinking water, though the absorption of fluoride from food is much easier. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of fluoride in the soil and tomato and onion crops on farms of Zanjan. Methods; Three farms of each crop (tomato and onion) were selected randomly. Ea...

Crop field soil collected from Sambalpur University campus of Odisha and treated with various fluoride concentrations was used to raise selected local crops. Background concentration of total and leachable fluoride content in soil was 95.19 and 8.89 ppm respectively. At the time of harvest of the crops, the total fluoride content was found to decrease and leachable fluoride content was found to...

prolonged excessive intake of fluoride during child's growth and development stages has been associated with mental and physical problems. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of excessive fluoride intake on the intelligence quotient (iq) of children living in five rural areas in makoo/iran.in this cross-sectional study, 293 children aged 6-11 years were selected from five villag...

fluoride is an essential element for human health. however, excess fluoride in drinking water may cause dental and/or skeletal fluorosis. drinking water is the main route of fluoride intake. the aim of the present study was to measure fluoride levels in human breast milk collected from two regions of golestan province, northern iran with different amount of fluoride concentration of drinking wa...

Commercial multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) were functionalized by oxidation with HNO3, to introduce oxygen-containing surface groups, and by thermal treatments at different temperatures for their selective removal. The obtained samples were characterized by adsorption of N2 at -196°C, temperature-programmed desorption and determination of pH at the point of zero charge. CNT/poly(vinylidene ...