Each type of natural phenomenon manifests itself in certain conditions at a period time and territory. For example, for mountainous areas such phenomena as mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes are most typical, the plains - dust storms, floods. But those other can occur on mountains, but consequences will be different. slow-flowing water during flooding seething streams mountain rivers lead to var...

Abstract In this work, we describe a new species of genus Bufo , exiguus sp. nov. from Mt. Nankun, Guangdong Province, China. This can be distinguished all congeners by significant divergences in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and CO1 genes combination morphological characters: small body size, tympanum absent, parotoid glands olive-shaped, tarsal fold dorsal with fine vertebral line white nuptial ...

The Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York receive relatively high rates of atmospheric N deposition, and NO3 concentrations in some streams have increased dramatically since the late 1960s. We measured the chemistry of 39 firstand second-order streams with forested watersheds to determine the variability of nitrogen concentrations within the Catskill Mountain area. We found that some stre...

We investigated three small streams in the New Territories of Hong Kong, China. In each stream, we compared the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of one site immediately upstream of an area of agricultural land (market gardening) with a second site immediately downstream. Each pair of sites was < 300 m apart. Samples were taken at the end of the dry season (March 2000) and again (April 2000) just...

Methylmercury (MeHg), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and sulfate (SO(4)(=)) relationships were investigated in the mining-influenced St. Louis River watershed in northeast Minnesota. Fewer wetlands and higher SO(4)(=) in the mining region lead to generally lower availability and solubility of DOC in mining streams compared to non-mining streams. MeHg concentrations, however, are similarly low ...

In this paper, we consider a priority cell scheduling in the following scenario. High-speed cell networks accommodate Constant Bit Rate (CBR) streams from real-time sources and Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) streams from non real-time sources. The realtime traffic requires guarantees of its delay time. On the other hand, the non real-time traffic is relatively tolerable to its delay time. We obtain...

Local scouring around bridge piers is a natural phenomenon caused by the erosive process of flowing stream on alluvial beds. The 3D flow field around bridge piers interacting with the bed materials increases complexity of local scour process. The local scour depth develops in accelerated flows and if it is not predicted correctly, the bottom level of local scour hole will exceed the original le...

Large dams degrade the integrity of a wide variety of ecosystems, yet direct downstream effects of dams have received the most attention from ecosystem managers and researchers. We investigated indirect upstream effects of dams resulting from decimation of migratory freshwater shrimp and fish populations in Puerto Rico, USA, in both high- and low-gradient streams. In high-gradient streams above...