Bound quantum mechanical systems not expanding with the comoving frame of an expanding, flat FRW metric are found to release energy at a rate linearly proportional to the local Hubble constant (H o) and the systems' binding energy (E b); i.e., ˙ E = H o E b. Three exemplary quantum systems are examined. For systems with early cosmological condensation times — notably hadrons — time-integrated e...

A system is differentially flat if it is Lie–Bäcklund (L-B) equivalent to a free dynamical system that has dimensions equal to that of the input of the original system. Utilizing this equivalence, the problem of nonlinear model predictive control of a flat system can be reduced to a lower dimensional nonlinear programming problem with respect to the flat outputs. In this work, a novel computati...

An antichain is a collection of sets in which no two sets are comparable under set inclusion. An antichain A is flat if there exists an integer k ≥ 0 such that every set in A has cardinality either k or k + 1. The size of A is |A| and the volume of A is ∑ A∈A |A|. The flat antichain theorem states that for any antichain A on [n] = {1, 2, . . . , n} there exists a flat antichain on [n] with the ...

(1) a. Mary painted the shed green. b. The blacksmith hammered the metal flat. c. They knocked him out. d. The boy broke the glass to pieces. (2) a. *The boy broke the glass to tears. b. *John gave Mary flowers happy. c. *The hunter shot at the tiger dead. (cf. √The hunter shot the tiger dead.) d. *John loaded hay into the wagon full. (Williams 1980: 204) (cf. √John loaded the wagon full with h...

We present decidability results for termination of classes of term rewriting systems modulo permutative theories. Termination and innermost termination modulo permutative theories are shown to be decidable for term rewrite systems (TRS) whose right-hand side terms are restricted to be shallow (variables occur at depth at most one) and linear (each variable occurs at most once). Innermost termin...

Given two mutants, A and B, separated by n mutational steps, what is the evolutionary trajectory which allows a homogeneous population of A to reach B in the shortest time? We show that the optimum evolutionary trajectory (fitness landscape) has the property that the relative fitness increase between any two consecutive steps is constant. Hence, the optimum fitness landscape between A and B is ...

(1) a. He picked up a pencil, [... ) (W2F-004 #087:1) b. [ ... ) he didn't want me even to pick the child up (S IB-049 #083: I :(3) (2) a. but I'll give him a ring (SIA-058 #084:2:B) b. [ ... ] he gave a similar title to the third collection (S2A-036 #095: I:A) c. [... ) I'll sell up and buy a flat for Emily and myself (W IB-O I0 #072:2) (3) a. Is that from where you get the optic nerve (S IB-O...

We report about the fact that the stellar population that is born in the gas inflowing towards the central regions can be vertically unstable leading to a B/PS feature remarkably bluer that the surrounding bulge . Using new chemodynamical simulations we show that this young population does not remain as flat as the gaseous nuclear disc and buckles out of the plane to form a new boxy bulge. We s...

A conformal field theory (CFT) in dimension d≥3 coupled to a planar, two-dimensional, conformal defect is characterized in part by a "central charge" b that multiplies the Euler density in the defect's Weyl anomaly. For defect renormalization group flows, under which the bulk remains critical, we use reflection positivity to show that b must decrease or remain constant from the ultraviolet to t...