Hydrodeoxygenated pyrolysis oils (HDO) are considered promising renewable liquid energy carriers. To gain insights in the various reaction pathways taking place during the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of pyrolysis oil, two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometric analyses (2D-GC-TOF-MS) was applied on the feedstock and product oil. Chromatographic parameters like inj...

a simple and reproducible method for the rapid extraction and determination of trace amounts of copper(ii) ions using octadecyl-bonded silica membrane disks modified by 1-(2-pyridyl azo)2-naphtol(pan) and atomic absorption spectrometry was presented. the method was based on complex formation on the surface of the envi-18 disk tm disks followed by stripping of the retained species by minimum amo...

In this thesis, thermal-diffusive instabilities are studied experimentally in diffusion flames. The novel species injector of a recently developed research burner, consisting of an array of hypodermic needles, which allows to produce quasi one-dimensional unstrained diffusion flames has been improved. It is used in a new symmetric design with fuel and oxidizer injected through needle arrays whi...

Sampling strategy All dust samples were taken in offices, laboratories and instrument assembly rooms of the Thermo Scientific Bremen factory site. The samples were collected according to an established protocol [4]. Shortly, in offices 1 m2 of carpet was vacuumed for 2 min and in case of bare floors 4 m2 was vacuumed for 4 min. Samples were collected using nylon sample socks (25 μm pore size) t...

Restrictions on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have resulted in the increased use of alternate flame retardant chemicals to meet flammability standards. However, it has been difficult to determine which chemical formulations are currently being used in high volumes to meet flammability standards since the use of flame retardant formulations in consumer products is not transpa...

BACKGROUND Since human CYP2B6 has been identified as the major CYP enzyme involved in the metabolism of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and that human 2B6 is a highly polymorphic CYP, with known functional variants, we evaluated if circulating concentrations of a major brominated flame retardant, BDE-47, were related to genetic variation in the CYP2B6 gene in a population sample. ...

The flame stability limit, which was involving the critical flow condition, lift off and blow out, could be affected by the burner geometry in the combustion system installation. Consequently a flame holder should be put in, to hold the flame as big as possible on a stable condition. The flame holder itself, is a device to hold the flame, whereas the flame holder could disturb the air and fuel ...

A solid phase extraction procedure for simultaneous separation and preconcentration of traceamounts of Cu+2 ion from various real samples prior to its determination by flame atomicabsorption spectrometry has been developed. The proposed method is based on the utilization ofmultiwalled carbon nanotube in combination with Cupferron ligand as a solid phaseextractant. The influences of the analytic...

Dispersive Liquid-Liquid MicroExtraction technique based on Solidification of a Floating Organic drop (DLLME-SFO) combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry was developed for determination of thallium in water sample. An appropriate mixture of acetone and 1-undecanol was rapidly injected into an aqueous sample containing TlCl4- which forms an ion pair with bril...

An efficient, rapid, simple, and highly selective dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction basedon solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFOD), combined with flame atomicabsorption spectrometry was developed for preconcentration and determination of trace amountsof cobalt in water samples. In this method, an appropriate mixture of acetone and1-undecanol was injected rapidly into the aq...