a considerable amount of energy is released in the form of shock wave from explosive charge detonation. shock wave energy is responsible for the creation of crushing and fracture zone around the blast hole. the rest of the shock wave energy is transferred to rock mass as ground vibration. ground vibration is conveyed to the adjacent structures by body and surface waves. geological structures li...

An important aspect of planning for shallow tunneling under urban areas is the determination of likely surface movements and interaction with existing structures. Back analysis of built tunnels that their settlements magnitude is available, could aid the designers to have a more accuracy in future projects. In this paper, one single Tehran Metro Tunnel (at west of Hor square, Jang University St...

RMR, Rock Mass Rating, is one of the famous rock classifications. However, RMR was proposed empirically and absolutely depends on the experience of engineer. Therefore, engineering verification is needed for RMR system itself. In this study, the factor analysis and the multiple regressions were performed in order to evaluate the validity of rating factor of RMR. Also numerical analysis was carr...

A 4.4-megadalton penicillinase plasmid, pWD2, from Neisseria gonorrhoeae was transformed into Escherichia coli. pWD2 was efficiently mobilized by IncP plasmids in E. coli but not by Flac, R1drd-19, or R64drd-11. pWD2 could be isolated as a DNA-protein relaxation complex with properties similar to the well characterized ColE1 complex. The host range of pWD2 was shown to include gonococci, Entero...

This paper proposes series of methods for measuring the similarity of protein structures. In the proposed methods, an original protein structure is transformed into a distance matrix, which is regarded as a two-dimensional image. Then, the similarity of two protein structures is measured by a kind of compression ratio of the concatenated image. We employed several image compression algorithms: ...

Equivalent-linear analysis of earth dams with QUAD4 is a state-of-practice approach which incorporates a cumulative level of knowledge in soil dynamics that is still used today in many organizations. Nevertheless, today’s availability of more advanced nonlinear effective-stress analysis tools has improved significantly our estimates of shaking-induced permanent deformations of earth structures....