The papers by Paul Ginsburg and Jason Lee and colleagues make it clear how far we have come on the issue of cost shifting and how far we still have to go. We have created some new myths, persisted in some old confusion, and largely ignored an enduring reality. That enduring reality is that lack of competition in the health care sector permits cost shifting to occur. Instead of focusing on this ...

In this work we present a paradigm of focusing proof search based on an incremental construction of retractile (i.e, correct or sequentializable) proof structures of the pure (units free) multiplicative and additive fragment of linear logic. The correctness of proof construction steps (or expansion steps) is ensured by means of a system of graph retraction rules; this graph rewriting system is ...

Gérard Genette named any relationship between one text and other texts “Transtextuality” and divided it into five categories; including intertextuality, paratextuality, metatextuality, architextuality and hypertextuality. We have conducted a case study of four paintings of the Iranian contemporary painter, Aydin Aghdashloo by using the theory of “transtextuality”. These four artworks belong to ...

The ISO-standard for LCA distinguishes four phases, of which the last one, the interpretation, is the least elaborated one. It can be regarded as containing procedural steps (like a completeness check) as well as numerical steps (like a sensitivity check). This paper gives five examples of techniques that can be used for the numerical steps. These are the contribution analysis, the perturbation...

Sentiment Analysis (SA) is one of the most active research areas in Natural Language Processing (NLP) field due to its potential for business and society. With development language representation models, numerous methods have shown promising efficiency fine-tuning pre-trained models NLP downstream tasks. For Vietnamese, many available were also released, including monolingual multilingual model...

Fairness issues within food systems are of increasing concern for policy makers and other stakeholders. Given the topicality relevance fairness systems, there is value in exploring subject further. Simulation modelling has been successfully used to develop test interventions. However, subjectivity intangibleness perceptions make them difficult operationalize a quantitative model. The objective ...

Background: Migraine headaches are a common childhood ailment with a higher prevalence in adolescence. Acupuncture has gained popularity for treating migraine headaches. Objectives: The aim of this article is to introduce a five-step system to guide practitioners through the diagnosis, point selection, and treatment process for migraine headaches within the Traditional Chinese Medicine framewor...

BACKGROUND A previous study has shown that variations in threshold and intensity (lipid goal attainment) of statins for primary prevention contribute to regional differences in overall consumption of statins in Norway. Our objective was to explore how differences in prevalences of use, dosing characteristics, choice of statin and continuity of therapy in individual patients adds new information...