BACKGROUND Targeting of marginalized groups with aggressive tobacco marketing has been identified as exacerbating health disparities. However, interpretation of such targeting by groups varies, from surprise and outrage to regarding such marketing as evidence of social legitimacy. We sought to learn how an often-overlooked marginalized group, older adults, would respond to industry documents of...

Traditionally, the contribution, role and importance of small-scale fisheries have often been described in thematic terms such as economic, social, employment and source of food. However, the contributions of small-scale fisheries are often interlinked and interdependent and some of their major contributions lie at the interface between these themes/sectors rather than within each. Also some of...

Inland fisheries are a vital component in the livelihoods and food security of people throughout the world, as well as contributing huge recreational and economic benefits. These valuable assets are jeopardized by lack of research-based understanding of the impacts of fisheries on inland ecosystems, and similarly the impact of human activities associated with inland waters on fisheries and aqua...

This chapter demonstrates that the ecosystems supporting the marine fisheries on Canada's east and west coasts have greatly changed under exploitation by industrial fisheries. These changes, reflected in the decline in the abundance of key species and the composition of the fisheries' landings, imply changes in the support provided by the ecosystems in which the fisheries are embedded. This fur...

Decline in aquatic resource stocks, occurs for various reasons. Although regulations and measures have proven useful, they have failed to inhibit effectively the stock reduction trends. Iranian Fisheries Organization has carried out a great deal of investments and efforts concerning the enhancement of the Caspian Sea resource stocks through the restrictive regulations, and reproduction and rele...

I N T E R N A T I O N A L E X P E R I E N C E Around the world many fisheries have collapsed, including some in Australia. Consequently marine fisheries are under increasing pressure to adopt more precautionary management approaches. Although Australia’s fisheries are generally in good shape—few are overfished—many are fully exploited. Overseas experience tells us that even the best fisheries m...

We cultured separate lines of Chinook salmon fry Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of Chickamin River, Southeast Alaska ancestry in 7 common garden enclosures. A parentage analysis based on variation of microsatellite alleles showed that within these lines, 7 brother-sister matings (F = 0.25) had created 35 inbred fi sh in 7 families [bred from 6 females (dams) and 6 related males (sires)], and other ma...

Conventional management approaches have not been successful in protecting fisheries resources from decline either globally or in the Caribbean. Over the past 20 years co-management has emerged as a dominant paradigm when thinking about responsible fisheries in the Caribbean. At the same time there has been growing recognisition of the need for closer collaboration and cooperation among the coun...

Decreasing number of fishery resources impacted by unsustainable fisheries management, climate issues, and the sovereignty system at sea have made conflicts a growing security concern, such as conflict between Indonesia Vietnam over Natura Sea. This dispute is exacerbated China's militarization efforts, fishing industry recognizes its ability to influence maritime sphere around it. Other Southe...

Management science, the scientific study of problem-solving, has developed a body of literature and methodologies over the past four decades on decision theory methods, evaluation of management and systems performance, and analysis of systems under uncertainty. These methods have been influential and applied successfully to many industrial decision-making and strategic-planning settings. Fisher...