In this work, we present practical semi-free-start collisions for SHA-512 on up to 38 (out of 80) steps with complexity 2. The best previously published result was on 24 steps. The attack is based on extending local collisions as proposed by Mendel et al. in their Eurocrypt 2013 attack on SHA-256. However, for SHA-512, the search space is too large for direct application of these techniques. We...

Cryptographic hash functions are at the heart of many information security applications like digital signatures, message authentication codes (MACs), and other forms of authentication. In consequence of recent innovations in cryptanalysis of commonly used hash algorithms, NIST USA announced a publicly open competition for selection of new standard Secure Hash Algorithm called SHA-3. An essentia...

SHA-1 uses a single set of rotation constants within the compression function. However, most other members of the MD4 family of hash functions use multiple sets of rotation constants, i. e. the rotation amounts change with the step being processed. To our knowledge, no design rationales on the choice of rotation constants are given on any of these hash functions. This is the first paper that an...

Hash functions are a core part of many protocols that are in daily use. Following recent results that raised concerns regarding the security of the current hash standards, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) pronounced a competition to find a new Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), the SHA-3. An important criterion for the new standard is not only its security, but also the perfo...

The tumor cell-derived hyaluronidase (HAase) HYAL-1 degrades hyaluronic acid (HA) into proangiogenic fragments that support tumor progression. Although HYAL-1 is a critical determinant of tumor progression and a marker for cancer diagnosis and metastasis prediction, it has not been evaluated as a target for cancer therapy. Similarly, sulfated hyaluronic acid (sHA) has not been evaluated for bio...

The tumor cell–derived hyaluronidase (HAase) HYAL-1 degrades hyaluronic acid (HA) into proangiogenic fragments that support tumor progression. Although HYAL-1 is a critical determinant of tumor progression and a marker for cancer diagnosis and metastasis prediction, it has not been evaluated as a target for cancer therapy. Similarly, sulfated hyaluronic acid (sHA) has not been evaluated for bio...

A interação entre ácidos fúlvicos aquáticos (AFA) de região tropical com cloro e formação de trihalometanos foi estudada por fluorescência. As substâncias húmicas aquáticas (SHA) foram extraídas de córrego com coloração escura (localizado em uma área de proteção ambiental perto da cidade de Cubatão-SP, Brasil) utilizando resina XAD 8, de acordo com o procedimento recomendado pela Sociedade Inte...

Hash functions are among the most widespread cryptographic primitives, and are currently used in multiple cryptographic schemes and security protocols, such as IPSec and SSL. In this paper, we investigate a new hardware architecture for a family of dedicated hash functions, including American standards SHA-1 and SHA-512. Our architecture is based on unrolling several message digest steps and ex...

In 2007, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced a public contest aiming at the selection of a new standard for a cryptographic hash function. In this paper, the security margin of five SHA-3 finalists is evaluated with an assumption that attacks launched on finalists should be practically verified. A method of attacks applied is called logical cryptanalysis whe...

Construction of recombinant DNA from multiple fragments is widely required in molecular biology, especially for synthetic biology purposes. Here we describe a new method, successive hybridization assembling (SHA) which can rapidly do this in a single reaction in vitro. In SHA, DNA fragments are prepared to overlap one after another, so after simple denaturation-renaturation treatment they hybri...