Sputtering made ZnO thin film was used as an electron-transport layer in a regular planar perovskite solar cell based on high quality CH3NH3PbI3 absorber prepared with a two-step spin-coating. An efficiency up to 15.9% under AM 1.5G irradiation is achieved for the cell based on ZnO film fabricated under Ar working gas. The atmosphere of the sputtering chamber can tune the surface electronic pro...

The structure and properties of the passive film formed on the surface of AISI 316 stainless steel in aqueous ethanoic acid have been investigated using EIS. Experiments were carried out at 30 oC in different concentrations of ethanoic acid. Effects on the film properties due to the change of electrode potential, exposure durations and addition of chloride ions to the electrolyte were also stud...

The Mn K edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) of Pr0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films with different thicknesses on (001) LaAlO3 substrate was measured, and the effects of strain relaxation on film properties were investigated. The films showed in-plane compressive and out-of-plane tensile strains. Strain relaxation occurred with increasing film thickness, affecting both lattice constant and MnO...

Abstract. We demonstrate that, by observing the behavior of a film deposited on a substrate, certain features of the substrate may be inferred with quantified uncertainty using Bayesian methods. We carry out this demonstration on an illustrative film/substrate model, where the substrate is a Gaussian random field and the film is a two-component mixture that obeys the Cahn-Hilliard equation. We ...

in recent decades, most of researchers in pharmaceutical preparations have focused increasingly on new formulations that control the site and amount of drug delivery. mucoadhesive dosage forms are available for systemic or local treatment. the mucoadhesive dosage forms are introduced in various forms such as tablets, gels, ointments, patches and polymeric films. for buccal wound and injury the ...

We report an experimental investigation on the effect of mutual diffusion in polymeric systems on film drainage between two captive drops. The main objective is to study the influence of diffuse interfaces on film drainage. This is done by using material combinations with different interfacial properties and interferometric visualization of the film between two interacting drops. For highly dif...

A thin film process using ECR-ion beam sputtering with ultra pure (99.999999%) copper target was investigated for improving transportation properties in the film. The electric resistivity of the thin film was 40% lower than that of using a commercial-grade purity target. And the optical qualities evaluated by the transmission and reflection spectrum measurements were also indicate slower relaxa...

A calcium fluoride thin film co-doped with Yb3+/Tm3+ was deposited on Si substrates by the spin-coating method using trifluoroacetic acid as a fluorine source. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the sample showed that a thin film with some cracks was formed. After annealing, the cracks disappeared, and the film became thinner. The roughness of the thin film was about 150 nm, which ...

morphology of surface oxide film formed during pouring of molten magnesium alloy has been investigated. due to surface turbulence during casting, the oxide film necessarily makes folded cause in a dry surface to dry surface mode creating a double oxide film with the volume of air that can be encapsulated between folds of the film and this led to make gas bubbles or shrinkage cavities form. thes...

To improve the optoelectronic properties of hematite film as a photoanode, hematite film was orientated on the (012) plane by the secondary growth of organized microcrystals. The resultant film showed promising photoelectrochemical effects compared with a randomly oriented one, with a maximum photocurrent of 0.8 mA cm(-2) at 1.23 V vs. RHE under the illumination of 1 sun.