Mark-recapture studies in the Columbia basin often use closely spaced replicated telemetry arrays to estimate the probability of detecting transmitters. Using this approach, detection probabilities are estimated with the Lincoln-Petersen single mark-recapture model. The primary assumption of this model is that telemetry arrays are statistically independent, but often it is unclear how to assess...

We develop a simple method to fabricate the two-stacked graphene monolayers and investigate the electronic transport in such a system. The independence of the two graphene monolayers gives rise to the asymmetric resistance-gate voltage curves and an eight-fold degeneracy of Landau level. The position of the maximum resistance of the transfer curves shifts towards higher gate voltage with increa...

We show that a class of topological field theories are quantum duals of the harmonic oscillator. This is demonstrated by establishing a correspondence between the creation and annihilation operators and non-local gauge invariant observables of the topological field theory. The example is used to discuss some issues concerning background independence and the relation of vacuum energy to the prob...