introduction: biocompatibility is a desirable feature for root-end filling materials. in this study we aimed to compare a new material called cold ceramic (cc) with intermediate restorative material (irm) and mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) using methyl-tetrazolium bromide (mtt) assay. materials and methods: the materials were tested in fresh and set states: (n=108). the cytotoxicity was compa...

Pregnant rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for the first (HF1), second (HF2), third (HF3) or all three weeks (HFG) of gestation. Maintenance on a HFD during specific periods of gestation was hypothesized to alter fetal glycemia, insulinemia, induce insulin resistance; and alter fetal plasma and hepatic fatty acid (FA) profiles. At day 20 of gestation, fetal plasma and hepatic FA profiles were...

Hydrogen bonding occurs when an atom of hydrogen is attracted by rather strong forces to two atoms instead of only one, so that it may be considered to be acting as a bond between them [99]. Typically hydrogen bonding occurs where the partially positively charged hydrogen atom lies between partially negatively charged oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms, but is also found elsewhere, such as between fl...

The debate over the possible role of strong, low-barrier hydrogen bonds in stabilizing reaction intermediates at enzyme active sites has taken place in the absence of an awareness of the upper limits to the strengths of low-barrier hydrogen bonds involving amino acid side chains. Hydrogen bonds exhibit their maximal strengths in isolation, i.e., in the gas phase. In this work, we measured the i...

Anhydrous tetramethylphosphonium fluoride dissolved in acetonitrile reacts slowly with the solvent under formation of (E)-2-amino-1-cyano-propene which was characterized by infrared and NMR spectroscopy. An attempted preparation of [Me3PF3]− by addition of Me3PF2 to Me4PF/acetonitrile solutions has shown that the desired reaction does not occur, but prolonged reaction times and small acetonitri...

A polymorphism for the phase I drug-metabolizing enzyme, flavincontaining monooxygenase isoform 2 (FMO2), encoding either truncated inactive protein, FMO2X472 (FMO2.2A), or full-length active enzyme, FMO2Q472 (FMO2.1), is known and exhibits significant interethnic differences in allelic frequency. FMO2 is the major or sole FMO isoform expressed in the lung of most mammals, including nonhuman pr...

Introduction: Embryonic Stem (ES) cells as pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastula can differentiate to neural cells in vitro and this property is valuable in studies of neurogenesis and in the generation of donor cells for transplantation. In this regard, the propose of this research, was the study of the role of two important factors in the development of neural syst...

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease leading to lungs cysts and progressive respiratory failure. Cells of unknown origin accumulate in the lungs forming nodules and eventually resulting in lung cysts. These LAM cells are described as clonal with bi-allelic mutations in TSC-2 resulting in constitutive mTOR activation. However LAM nodules are heterogeneous structures containing cells ...

OBJECTIVE This study sought to identify the relationship between fibroblast telomerase expression, myofibroblasts, and telomerase-mediated regulatory signals in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Thirty-four surgical lung biopsies, which had been obtained from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and histologically classified as usual interstitial pneumonia, were examined. Immunohi...

Neurons provide critical signals that regulate both the number and differentiation of glia. In addition, glia are attracted to and enwrap neuronal axonal processes. FGF-like signalling is thought to be one of the many potential axon-derived morphogenetic signals, however, the multiple roles of FGFs have made experimental tests of these signals difficult in vivo. In the Drosophila FGF receptor m...