The topics covered in an energetic and broad-reaching discussion included the effects of climate on volcanic activity and vice versa, uncertainties about volcanic CO2 emissions and feedbacks and complexities in the volcano–climate system. The discussion ended in consensus about the need for a variety of modelling approaches to better characterize poorly understood feedbacks between volcanoes an...

POLICY ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE IS INFORMED BY CLIMATE MODEL projections as described most recently in the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The models used are general circulation models (GCMs), which numerically represent the physical climate system in three dimensions, including the hydrological cycle. These are complemented by recently de...

A four-box model of the tropical climate is used to assess its sensitivity to changes in the relative area of the moist and dry regions and to radiative perturbations. The feedbacks modulating this sensitivity are analyzed , particularly the dynamical feedbacks associated with the surface fluxes. The link between the large-scale circulation and these fluxes is found to play a crucial role in th...

Predicting floods and droughts is essential to inform the development of policy in water management, climate change adaptation disaster risk reduction. Yet, hydrological predictions are highly uncertain, while frequency, severity spatial distribution extreme events further complicated by increasing impact human activities on cycle. In this commentary, we argue that four main aspects characteriz...

Over the past years, the agent-based modeling approach has emerged as a promising geospatial technique for urban change simulation. In this paper, we review the status of agent-based models for urban land change research, with the emphasis on the issues of how far agent-based models have been implemented to model the real world complexity. For such a purpose, we have identified four features of...

[1] The last glacial inception ( 116 ky ago) has long been used to test the sensitivity of climate models to insolation. From these simulations, atmospheric, oceanic and vegetation feedbacks have been shown to amplify the initial insolation signal into a rapid growth of ice-sheets over the northern hemisphere. However, due to the lack of comprehensive atmosphere-ocean-vegetation-northern hemisp...

Understanding the mechanisms underlying negative plant-soil feedbacks remains a critical challenge in plant ecology. If closely related species are more similar, then phylogeny could be used as a predictor for plant species interactions, simplifying our understanding of how plant-soil feedbacks structure plant communities, underlie invasive species dynamics, or reduce agricultural productivity....

Quorum sensing is the regulation of gene expression in response to changes in cell density. To measure their cell density, bacterial populations produce and detect diffusible molecules called autoinducers. Individual bacteria internally represent the external concentration of autoinducers via the level of monitor proteins. In turn, these monitor proteins typically regulate both their own produc...

Relevance feedback (RF) and region-based image retrieval (RBIR) are two widely used methods to enhance the performance of contentbased image retrieval (CBIR) systems. In this paper, these two methods are combined. And a region weighting scheme reflecting the process of human visual perception is also proposed to enhance the weighting importance assigned to the region whose pixels are closer to ...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract The climate-chemistry-aerosol-cloud-radiation feedbacks are important processes occurring in the atmosphere. Accurately simulating those feedbacks requires fully-coupled meteorology, climate, and chemistry models and pr...