The most important aspect of cognitive radio (CR) networks is to search, scan, and access the control channel to advertise the free channel list (FCL) amongst the participating CR nodes. Subsequent communication could not take place until there is an access to a well-known and agreed upon control channel to dialogue the initial configuration. In this paper, a novel protocol for searching, scann...

The O2If* star, HD 93129A, is among the earliest in the Galaxy and has one of the strongest winds of any O star. In this paper, we show that its hard and strong X-ray emission can be understood in terms of the standard embedded wind shock paradigm for effectively single, hot, massive stars. Wind attenuation of the intrinsically soft X-ray emission is an important effect, which explains the hard...

For electrical machines and power circuits to operate at high performance, it is important control them the optimum point. So, in this study, a flexible closed-loop (FCL) PID FUZZY study presented. Different from other studies, different controls can be activated for positions durations within total operating time of motor. At same time, by applying four inputs fuzzification designed fuzzy logi...

This paper proposes Fuzzy Logic Based STATCOM. It regulates the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) by injecting reactive power. This device also plays a vital role in enhancing stability for small and large transient disturbances in power system. Simulations using MATLAB / SIMULINK are carried out to verify the performance of STATCOM using fuzzy controller. The result shows that fuzz...

We present a comparative study of the capacity increase brought by bitand power-loading discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation for low-cost colorless transmitters. Three interesting reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) based colorless transmitter configurations are compared: First, an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectrum-sliced source; second, a self-seeded RSOA fiber cavity...

Different types of fault current limiters (FCLs) have been developed and designed based on non-superconducting DC reactors (NSDRs). This paper proposes a controllable dual-bridge FCL (CDBFCL) the NSDR for use in an AC-type micro-grid. It includes two series shunt bridge circuits. The is diode semiconductor switches coupled with line via transformer. thyristor parallel line. provides variable vo...