Absract: Reproductive health problems are one of the most important problems that affect the production and productivity of dairy cows. Dystocia is also one of the reproductive health problems that cause considerable economic loss to the dairy industry. The main aims of this manuscript were to review risk factors and economic impact of dystocia in dairy cows. Dystocia is also defined as prolong...

Do employers substitute adults for children, or do they treat adults as complements to children? Any policy to reduce child labor depends on the answer to this question, but any empirical strategy to answer it must overcome two obstacles: (1) whatever program reduces child labor supply must have no direct impact on adult labor demand. (2) Any program that changes child labor supply will almost ...

Several elements of the agricultural nonpoint source control program in the Chowan River basin are reviewed to give direction to future efforts. In-stream water quality monitoring, interviews with farmers, and analysis of agricultural production trends have revealed several major points which need consideration in implementation efforts. Due to difficulties in documenting water quality improvem...

Professional heifer growers and dairy producers are faced with the challenge of raising healthy calves, while still paying close attention to rearing costs and profit. Factors that may be considered in selecting a liquid feeding program may include the number of calves fed, economics and cash flow, nutritional characteristics, calf performance targets, resource availability (e.g. consistent sup...

Ethanol produced from grain and biodiesel produced from vegetable oils and animal fats are the major renewable liquid fuels being produced in the United States. Cellulosic ethanol and Fischer-Tropsch diesel are also renewable liquid fuels of considerable interest, but additional development is needed before they become significant parts of the renewable liquid fuels market. Thus, the discussion...

This paper presents a spatial multi-agent programming model, which has been developed for assessing policy options in the diffusion of innovations and resource use changes. Unlike conventional simulation tools used in agricultural economics, the model class described here applies a multi-agent/cellular automata (CA) approach by using heterogeneous farm-household models and capturing their socia...

A method of combining survey data and Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) records to achieve low cost farm trials is presented. Farm trials and surveys of current practices and production responses are useful to identify yield gaps between expectations predicted from experimental findings and actual field results. Different management schemes can be ranked using subjective probabilities a...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the economic impact of Doublesynch protocol by improving fertility in postpartum buffaloes. The experiment was conducted in 200 lactating buffaloes at dairy farm, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab during summer months (April to July). The buffaloes were divided into 2 groups. The buffaloes in group I (Doublesynch grou...

Commercial farming of Atlantic salmon in Scotland started in 1969 and has since expanded to produce >179,000 t yr. A government department has published annual statistics and information on the seawater and freshwater sub-sectors of the Scottish salmon farming industry since 1979, and this review collates and discusses metrics covering aspects of production, farm sites and systems, fish perform...

BACKGROUND In Sub-Saharan Africa, 40% of children under five years in age are chronically undernourished. As new investments and attention galvanize action on African agriculture to reduce hunger, there is an urgent need for metrics that monitor agricultural progress beyond calories produced per capita and address nutritional diversity essential for human health. In this study we demonstrate ho...