In this study, Bayes' theorem was used to determine the probability of a patient having Lyme disease (LD), given a positive test result obtained using commercial test kits in clinically diagnosed patients. In addition, an algorithm was developed to extend the theorem to the two-tier test methodology. Using a disease prevalence of 5%-75% in samples sent for testing by clinicians, evaluated with ...

Some persons who claim to have had near-death experiences (NDEs) fail research criteria for having had NDEs ("false positives"); others who deny having had NDEs do meet research criteria for having had NDEs ("false negatives"). The author evaluated false positive claims and false negative denials in an organization that promotes near-death research and in psychiatric outpatients. The frequency ...

The double blind placebo controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) is the gold standard for diagnosing cow's milk allergy (CMA). However, false-negative DBPCFC have been reported. We present 2 cases with a false negative DBPCFC in exclusively breastfed infants suspected of CMA. These cases highlight the occurrence of severe allergic reactions of infants who were exclusively breastfed. Several reported...

The performance of a cell recognition system on unknown data is often estimated in terms of its error rates on a test set. This paper investigates methods for producing estimates of error rates in cervical cell classification. Classification performance curves calculated using these methods are given for several classification schemes used to classify 1500 cervical cells.

this paper gives an alternative model of continuous health tests that allows us to drastically reduce the error rates; that is, it allows us to better detect when a noise source has degraded to the point where it imperils security, while at the same time reducing the number of false alarms. The current NIST SP 800-90B draft proposes a model for an entropy source. In this model, there is a noise...

Across five experiments we examined the role of valence in children’s and adults’ true and false memories. Using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm and either neutral or negativeemotional lists, both adults’ (Experiment 1) and children’s (Experiment 2) true recall and recognition was better for neutral than negative items and although false recall was also higher for neutral items, false rec...

Rapid diagnoses were made on 510 breast lumps by three methods in sequence and the results compared with those obtained by paraffin histology.Naked-eye examination of the excised lumps correctly distinguished between benign and malignant tumours in 95.1% of cases with 23 (4.5%) false negative and two (0.4%) false positive results.Rapid imprint cytodiagnosis was correct in 96.9% of the 391 lumps...

Three cases of false-negative cerebrospinal fluid latex agglutination test results for patients with culture-positive cryptococcal meningitis are reported. False-negative results occurred in settings of low cryptococcal antigen concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and were dependent on the latex agglutination test kit used. Investigation of each case revealed that prozone phenomena or interfer...