purpose: throughout the concrete operational stage children gradually become socialized. this is the result of the reduction in egocentrism and the increase in decentralization and personal identity. piaget believes that both the manipulation of concrete objects and interaction with people can form an active experience while facilitating children socialization. this results in their cognitive d...

Consumer reviews are now part of everyday decision-making. Yet, the credibility of these reviews is fundamentally undermined when businesses commit review fraud, creating fake reviews for themselves or their competitors. We investigate the economic incentives to commit review fraud on the popular review platform Yelp, using two complementary approaches and datasets. We begin by analyzing restau...

1.1. A fake projective plane is a smooth compact complex surface which is not the complex projective plane but has the same Betti numbers as the complex projective plane. Such a surface is known to be projective algebraic and it is the quotient of the (open) unit ball B in C (B is the symmetric space of PU(2, 1)) by a torsion-free cocompact discrete subgroup of PU(2, 1) whose Euler-Poincaré cha...

Pharming scams are carried out by exploiting the DNS as main weapon while phishing attacks employ spoofed websites that appear to be legitimate internet users. Phishing makes use of baits such fake links but pharming leverages and negotiates on server move redirect users a simulated website.Having seen several challenges through resulting into vulnerable websites, personal emails accounts socia...

On 1 January 2017, a Russian federal law (№ 208-FZ) came into force that holds news aggregators liable for spreading fake news. Links to items originate from registered media outlets – state-regulated category are, however, exempt liability. As result, aggregators, such as Yandex News, have revised their algorithms avoid legal claims. This article argues the has created mechanism of indirect co...

Internet users are used to a steady stream of facts in the contemporary world. Numerous social media platforms, including Twitter, Facebook, and Quora, plagued with spam accounts, posing significant problem. These accounts created trick unwary real into clicking on dangerous links or continue publishing repetitious messages using automated software. This may significantly affect user experience...

In our daily life, fake reviews to restaurants on e-commerce website have some great affects to the choice of consumers. By categorizing the set of fake reviews, we have found that fake reviews from hype make up the largest part, and this type of review always mislead consumers. This article analyzed all the characteristics of fake reviews of hype and find that the text of the review always tel...

A key tool for investigating body ownership is the rubber hand illusion, in which synchronous multisensory feedback can induce feelings of ownership over a fake hand. Much research in the field aims to tease apart the mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon. Currently there is conflicting evidence as to whether increasing the distance between the real and fake hands (within reaching space) can...